| Paenibacillus azotofixans |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Caryophanales, Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus Paenibacillus, Paenibacillus
azotofixans (Seldin et al. 1984) Ash et al. 1994.
Basonym: Bacillus azotofixans Seldin et al. 1984.
azotofixans (Seldin et al. 1984) Ash et al. 1994.
Basonym: Bacillus azotofixans Seldin et al. 1984.
Gram-variable rods, 1 x 3-6 μm. Weakly motile. In older GB broth cultures, long forms
are produced. Sporulate well after 5 days on aerobic GB agar; in growth obtained from
agar slants, the bulk of the organisms occur as spores. The spores are oval to
ellipsoidal and predominantly central to subterminal and distend the sporangium
Capsules with discrete boundaries are produced.
are produced. Sporulate well after 5 days on aerobic GB agar; in growth obtained from
agar slants, the bulk of the organisms occur as spores. The spores are oval to
ellipsoidal and predominantly central to subterminal and distend the sporangium
Capsules with discrete boundaries are produced.
On GB agar under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, colonies develop after 48 h
at 32 ºC. Colonies are 1 to 2 mm in diameter, whitish, circular to slightly irregular, and
convex, with entire to undulate margins, mucoid and opaque, with a butyrous texture,
and do not adhere to the agar. Colonies gradually become flatter and duller, and after 2 weeks reveal three to five concentric rings
when viewed by transmitted light. Strains produce moderate growth after 48 h of anaerobic incubation on nitrogen-free thiamine-biotin
agar. Under aerobic conditions, little or no growth is produced in nutrient broth. TY broth and agar permit moderate growth. Abundant
growth is produced after 24 to 48 h in GB broth. Visible growth occurs in a pellet on the bottom. The minimum and maximum
temperatures for growth are 15 to 20 and 37 to 40 ºC respectively. No growth occurs at 10 or 42 ºC. Moderate growth is produced at
pH 5.7. Strains grow in the presence of' 1% NaCl. At 2 and 3% NaCl, variable growth occurs. Growth is inhibited by 5% NaCl.
Facultatively anaerobic.
at 32 ºC. Colonies are 1 to 2 mm in diameter, whitish, circular to slightly irregular, and
convex, with entire to undulate margins, mucoid and opaque, with a butyrous texture,
and do not adhere to the agar. Colonies gradually become flatter and duller, and after 2 weeks reveal three to five concentric rings
when viewed by transmitted light. Strains produce moderate growth after 48 h of anaerobic incubation on nitrogen-free thiamine-biotin
agar. Under aerobic conditions, little or no growth is produced in nutrient broth. TY broth and agar permit moderate growth. Abundant
growth is produced after 24 to 48 h in GB broth. Visible growth occurs in a pellet on the bottom. The minimum and maximum
temperatures for growth are 15 to 20 and 37 to 40 ºC respectively. No growth occurs at 10 or 42 ºC. Moderate growth is produced at
pH 5.7. Strains grow in the presence of' 1% NaCl. At 2 and 3% NaCl, variable growth occurs. Growth is inhibited by 5% NaCl.
Facultatively anaerobic.
Isolated from soil and plants roots. Nitrogen is fixed under anaerobic conditions. Not susceptible to B. polymyxa typing phages EPy-1,
SPY-1, and Spy-2. No growth occurs in the presence of 0.001% lysozyme.
SPY-1, and Spy-2. No growth occurs in the presence of 0.001% lysozyme.
Undetermined.
- Ash C, Priest FG, Collins MD. Molecular identification of rRNA group 3 bacilli (Ash, Farrow, Wallbanks and Collins) using a PCR
probe test. Proposal for the creation of a new genus Paenibacillus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1993; 64:253-260. - Seldin L, Van Elsas JD, Penido EGC. Bacillus azotofixans sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species from Brazilian soils and grass roots.
Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1984; 34:451-456.
Positive results for catalase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from: cellobiose, glucose (with gas), galactose, inulin, maltose,
mannitol, raffinose and sucrose.
Negative results for casein hydrolysis, citrate utilization, gelatin liquefaction, nitrate reduction, oxidase, pectin hydrolysis, starch
hydrolysis, tyrosine decomposition, acid production from: arabinose, glycerol, lactose, ribose, sorbose, and xylose.
mannitol, raffinose and sucrose.
Negative results for casein hydrolysis, citrate utilization, gelatin liquefaction, nitrate reduction, oxidase, pectin hydrolysis, starch
hydrolysis, tyrosine decomposition, acid production from: arabinose, glycerol, lactose, ribose, sorbose, and xylose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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