| Shouchella clausii |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Caryophanales, Family Bacillaceae, Genus Shouchella, Shouchella clausii
(Nielsen et al. 1995) Joshi et al. 2022. Hystorical synonyms: Bacillus lentus type II, Bacillus clausii Nielsen et al. 1995,
Alkalihalobacillus clausii (Nielsen et al. 1995) Patel and Gupta 2020. According to Liu et al. (2019), Bacillus rhizosphaerae is a later
heterotypic synonym of Shouchella clausii.
(Nielsen et al. 1995) Joshi et al. 2022. Hystorical synonyms: Bacillus lentus type II, Bacillus clausii Nielsen et al. 1995,
Alkalihalobacillus clausii (Nielsen et al. 1995) Patel and Gupta 2020. According to Liu et al. (2019), Bacillus rhizosphaerae is a later
heterotypic synonym of Shouchella clausii.
Gram-positive rods, 0.4-0.7 x 1.8-4.0 µm, subterminally / paracentrally ellipsoidal
endospores in slightly swollen sporangia.
endospores in slightly swollen sporangia.
Colonies are white and filamentous with filamentous margins. Grows on R2A agar,
tryptic soy agar and nutrient agar, but not on MacConkey agar. Grows at pH 7-8
(optimum); no growth at pH 5-6 or 10. Grow in 0 to 8% NaCl; no growth in 10% NaCl.
Growth temperature 15 to 40 or 50 ºC. Allantoin, urate or NaCl are not required for
growth. Aerobic.
tryptic soy agar and nutrient agar, but not on MacConkey agar. Grows at pH 7-8
(optimum); no growth at pH 5-6 or 10. Grow in 0 to 8% NaCl; no growth in 10% NaCl.
Growth temperature 15 to 40 or 50 ºC. Allantoin, urate or NaCl are not required for
growth. Aerobic.
Isolated from mud and soil. Bacillus rhizosphaerae type strain was isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere soil.
Resistant to spectinomycin, bacitracin and tetracycline but sensitive to carbenicillin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol,
erythromycin, penicillin G, polymyxin B, rifampicin, novobiocin, vancomycin, cephalosporin, trimethoprim, doxycyclin, ampicillin,
cefotaxime and gentamicin.
Resistant to spectinomycin, bacitracin and tetracycline but sensitive to carbenicillin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol,
erythromycin, penicillin G, polymyxin B, rifampicin, novobiocin, vancomycin, cephalosporin, trimethoprim, doxycyclin, ampicillin,
cefotaxime and gentamicin.
Unknown.
- N.A. Logan and P. De Vos, 2009. Genus I. Bacillus Cohn 1872. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A.
Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes, Springer, 21-127. - Liu GH, Narsing Rao MP, Dong ZY, Wang JP, Che JM, Chen QQ, Sengonca C, Liu B, Li WJ. Genome-based reclassification of
Bacillus plakortidis Borchert et al. 2007 and Bacillus lehensis Ghosh et al. 2007 as a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus
oshimensis Yumoto et al. 2005; Bacillus rhizosphaerae Madhaiyan et al. 2011 as a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus clausii
Nielsen et al. 1995. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1725-1730. - Madhaiyan M, Poonguzhali S, Lee JS, Lee KC, Hari K. Bacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov., an novel diazotrophic bacterium isolated
from sugarcane rhizosphere soil. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2011; 100:437-444.
Positive results for alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), naphthol-As-BI-phosphohydrolase, leucine
arylamidase, alpha-glucosidase catalase, casein hydrolysis, aesculin hydrolysis, gelatinase, indole production, oxidase, starch
hydrolysis, acid production from glucose.
Can utilize in Biolog GP2 (B. rhizosphaerae type strain): alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin, dextrin, mannan, Tween 40, Tween 80,
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, L-arabinose, D-arabitol, arbutin, D-cellobiose, D-fructose, L-fucose, D-galactose, alpha-D-glucose,
m-inositol, maltose, maltotriose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-psicose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose,
D-tagatose, turanose, D-xylose, acetic acid, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, alpha-keto butyric acid, L-lactic acid, D-malic acid, L-malic
acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, D- and L-alanine, L-alanyl-glycine, L-asparagine, glycyl-L-glutamic acid, glycerol, adenosine, inosine
and D,L-alpha-glycerol phosphate.
Can assimilate (API-20NE): D-glucose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, D-maltose, adipate and citrate.
Negative results for acid phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, hydrolysis of hippurate, lipase (C14), trypsin, cystine arylamidase,
alpha-chymotrypsin, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase,
alpha-mannosidase alpha-fucosidase hydrolysis of Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80, urease and valine arylamidase,.
No utilization of the following substrates glycogen, inulin, N-acetyl-bet-D-mannosamine, amygdalin, D-galacturonic acid, gentiobiose,
D-gluconic acid, alpha-D-lactose, lactulose, D-melezitose, D-melibiose, alpha-methyl-D-galactoside, beta-methyl-D-galactoside,
3-methyl-D-glucose, alpha- and beta-methylD-glucoside, alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, palatinose, sedoheptulosan, stachyose,
D-trehalose, xylitol, alpha- and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, gamma-hydroxy phenylacetic acid, alpha-keto valeric acid, lactamide, D-lactic
acid methyl ester, pyruvic acid methyl ester, succinic acid mono-methyl-ester, propionic acid, succinamic acid, N-acetyl-L-glutamic
acid, L-alaninamide, L-glutamic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, L-serine, putrescine, 2,3-butanediol, 2'-deoxy adenosine, thymidine,
uridine, adenosine-5'-monophosphate, thymidine-5'-monophosphate, uridine-5'-monophosphate, D-fructose-6-phosphate,
alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and D-glucose-6-phosphate.
No assimilation of: potassium gluconate, capric acid, malic acid and phenyl acetic acid.
Variable results for beta-galactosidase and nitrate reduction.
arylamidase, alpha-glucosidase catalase, casein hydrolysis, aesculin hydrolysis, gelatinase, indole production, oxidase, starch
hydrolysis, acid production from glucose.
Can utilize in Biolog GP2 (B. rhizosphaerae type strain): alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin, dextrin, mannan, Tween 40, Tween 80,
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, L-arabinose, D-arabitol, arbutin, D-cellobiose, D-fructose, L-fucose, D-galactose, alpha-D-glucose,
m-inositol, maltose, maltotriose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-psicose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose,
D-tagatose, turanose, D-xylose, acetic acid, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, alpha-keto butyric acid, L-lactic acid, D-malic acid, L-malic
acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, D- and L-alanine, L-alanyl-glycine, L-asparagine, glycyl-L-glutamic acid, glycerol, adenosine, inosine
and D,L-alpha-glycerol phosphate.
Can assimilate (API-20NE): D-glucose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, D-maltose, adipate and citrate.
Negative results for acid phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, hydrolysis of hippurate, lipase (C14), trypsin, cystine arylamidase,
alpha-chymotrypsin, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase,
alpha-mannosidase alpha-fucosidase hydrolysis of Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80, urease and valine arylamidase,.
No utilization of the following substrates glycogen, inulin, N-acetyl-bet-D-mannosamine, amygdalin, D-galacturonic acid, gentiobiose,
D-gluconic acid, alpha-D-lactose, lactulose, D-melezitose, D-melibiose, alpha-methyl-D-galactoside, beta-methyl-D-galactoside,
3-methyl-D-glucose, alpha- and beta-methylD-glucoside, alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, palatinose, sedoheptulosan, stachyose,
D-trehalose, xylitol, alpha- and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, gamma-hydroxy phenylacetic acid, alpha-keto valeric acid, lactamide, D-lactic
acid methyl ester, pyruvic acid methyl ester, succinic acid mono-methyl-ester, propionic acid, succinamic acid, N-acetyl-L-glutamic
acid, L-alaninamide, L-glutamic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, L-serine, putrescine, 2,3-butanediol, 2'-deoxy adenosine, thymidine,
uridine, adenosine-5'-monophosphate, thymidine-5'-monophosphate, uridine-5'-monophosphate, D-fructose-6-phosphate,
alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and D-glucose-6-phosphate.
No assimilation of: potassium gluconate, capric acid, malic acid and phenyl acetic acid.
Variable results for beta-galactosidase and nitrate reduction.
(c) Costin Stoica
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