| Bacillus coagulans |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Caryophanales, Family Bacillaceae, Genus Bacillus, Bacillus coagulans Hammer
1915.
Hystorical synonyms: Weizmannia coagulans (Hammer 1915) Gupta et al. 2020, Heyndrickxia coagulans (Hammer 1915) Narsing
Rao et al. 2023, B. dextrolacticus Andersen and Werkman (1940), B. thermoacidificans Renco (1942), B. thermoacidurans Berry
(1933), Lactobacillus cereale Olsen (1944), Bacillus coagulans Hammer 1915.
1915.
Hystorical synonyms: Weizmannia coagulans (Hammer 1915) Gupta et al. 2020, Heyndrickxia coagulans (Hammer 1915) Narsing
Rao et al. 2023, B. dextrolacticus Andersen and Werkman (1940), B. thermoacidificans Renco (1942), B. thermoacidurans Berry
(1933), Lactobacillus cereale Olsen (1944), Bacillus coagulans Hammer 1915.
Gram-positive, 2.0-5.0 / 0.6-1.0 μm, motile, peritrichous flagella. Spores are ellipsoidal
or sometimes sphaerical, subterminal or terminal, occasionally paracentral; spores of
some strains did not appreciably distend the sporangia and spores of other strains
bulging the sporangia.
or sometimes sphaerical, subterminal or terminal, occasionally paracentral; spores of
some strains did not appreciably distend the sporangia and spores of other strains
bulging the sporangia.
On TSA at 40 ºC, after 2 days: colonies are 1-3 mm in diameter, white to cream ,
convex, with entire margins and smooth surfaces. Aerobic, may grow anaerobically.
Moderately thermophilic; growth temperature from 15-25 ºC to 55-60 ºC; optimum
temperature 40 ºC. Grows at pH 5-11(variable), optimum pH 7. Does not grow in 7%
NaCl. NaCl, allantoin or urate are not required for growth. Minimal nutritional
requirements are variable, and may include several amino acids and vitamins.
convex, with entire margins and smooth surfaces. Aerobic, may grow anaerobically.
Moderately thermophilic; growth temperature from 15-25 ºC to 55-60 ºC; optimum
temperature 40 ºC. Grows at pH 5-11(variable), optimum pH 7. Does not grow in 7%
NaCl. NaCl, allantoin or urate are not required for growth. Minimal nutritional
requirements are variable, and may include several amino acids and vitamins.
Spores are relatively scarce in soil. May multiply in acid foods. May be isolated from medical preparations and silage. B. coagulans is
economically important as a food spoilage agent, as a producer of lactic acid , thermostable enzymes, and the antimicrobial peptide
coagulin, and as a probiotic for chickens and piglets.
economically important as a food spoilage agent, as a producer of lactic acid , thermostable enzymes, and the antimicrobial peptide
coagulin, and as a probiotic for chickens and piglets.
Can produce bacteremia and septicaemia.
- Bîlbîie V., Pozsgi N., 1985, Bacteriologie Medicală, vol.ll, Ed. Medicală, Bucureşti.
- Gordon R.E., Haynes W.C., Pang C.H. (1973) – The genus Bacillus . Agriculture Handbook No. 427, U.S.D.A., Washington D.C.
- Buchanan R.E., Gibbons N.E., Cowan S.T., Holt J.G., Liston J., Murray R.G.E., Niven C.F., Ravin A.W., Stanier R.W. ( 1974) –
Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Eight Edition, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore. - Buiuc D., Negut M. , 2009. Tratat de Microbiologie Clinica, editia a III-a, Editura Medicala, Bucuresti.
- N.A. Logan and P. De Vos, 2009. Genus I. Bacillus Cohn 1872. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A.
Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes, Springer, 21-127. - Narsing Rao MP, Banerjee A, Liu GH, Thamchaipenet A. Genome-based reclassification of Bacillus acidicola, Bacillus pervagus
and the genera Heyndrickxia, Margalitia and Weizmannia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5961. - Gupta RS, Patel S, Saini N, Chen S. Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae
genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal
for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 2020; 70:5753-5798.
Positive results for: catalase, starch hydrolysis, acid production from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, fructose, galactose, glucose, glycerol,
D-mannose, melibiose and starch, .
Negative results for indole, egg-yolk reaction, urease, utilization of citrate as a source of
carbon, H2S production, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, decomposition of casein, tryptophan deaminase,
decomposition of tyrosine, acid production from adonitol, D-arabinose, L-arabitol, dulcitol , erythritol, D- or L-fucose, inulin , 2- or
5-ketogluconate, glycogen, lyxose, mannitol, maltose, melezitose, methyl beta-xyloside, sorbose, xylitol and L-xylose.
Variable results for arginine dihydrolase, beta-galactosidase, reduction of nitrate to nitrite, hydrolysis of esculin, gelatin liquefaction,
ONPG, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from amygdalin, D-arabitol, arbutin, cellobiose, beta-gentibiose, gluconate,
meso-inositol, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, ribose, sorbitol, salicin, sucrose and D-xylose.
D-mannose, melibiose and starch, .
Negative results for indole, egg-yolk reaction, urease, utilization of citrate as a source of
carbon, H2S production, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, decomposition of casein, tryptophan deaminase,
decomposition of tyrosine, acid production from adonitol, D-arabinose, L-arabitol, dulcitol , erythritol, D- or L-fucose, inulin , 2- or
5-ketogluconate, glycogen, lyxose, mannitol, maltose, melezitose, methyl beta-xyloside, sorbose, xylitol and L-xylose.
Variable results for arginine dihydrolase, beta-galactosidase, reduction of nitrate to nitrite, hydrolysis of esculin, gelatin liquefaction,
ONPG, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from amygdalin, D-arabitol, arbutin, cellobiose, beta-gentibiose, gluconate,
meso-inositol, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, ribose, sorbitol, salicin, sucrose and D-xylose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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