| Bacillus toyonensis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Caryophanales, Family Bacillaceae, Genus Bacillus, Bacillus toyonensis Jimenez
et al. 2013.
Old synonym: 'Bacillus cereus var toyoi'.
et al. 2013.
Old synonym: 'Bacillus cereus var toyoi'.
Gram-positive rods, 1 x 3-4 µm, occuring singly or in pairs, occasionally in short
chains or filaments. Motile. Produce ellipsoidal central to subterminal spores in
non-swollen sporangia. Parasporal crystals are not produced.
chains or filaments. Motile. Produce ellipsoidal central to subterminal spores in
non-swollen sporangia. Parasporal crystals are not produced.
Colonies are generally large, flat with entire to undulate edges, and often form
swarming rings around the colony extending through the plate. In general, colonies
are matt to granulated, with a whitish to cream color. Grows at 10-45 ºC (optimum at
35 ºC), at pH 5-9.5 (optimum pH 6.5) and in 0-5% NaCl (optimum 0% NaCl).
Facultatively anaerobic.
swarming rings around the colony extending through the plate. In general, colonies
are matt to granulated, with a whitish to cream color. Grows at 10-45 ºC (optimum at
35 ºC), at pH 5-9.5 (optimum pH 6.5) and in 0-5% NaCl (optimum 0% NaCl).
Facultatively anaerobic.
Isolated from a survey designed to obtain naturally occurring microorganisms as pure cultures in the laboratory for use as probiotics
in animal nutrition, in Japan (1966).
in animal nutrition, in Japan (1966).
Undetermined.
- Jimenez G, Urdiain M, Cifuentes A, Lopez-Lopez A, Blanch AR, Tamames J, Kampfer P, Kolsto AB, Ramon D, Martinez JF, et al.
Description of Bacillus toyonensis sp. nov., a novel species of the Bacillus cereus group, and pairwise genome comparisons of the
species of the group by means of ANI calculations. Syst Appl Microbiol 2013; 36:383-391. - Liu Y, Du J, Lai Q, Zeng R, Ye D, Xu J, Shao Z. Proposal of nine novel species of the Bacillus cereus group. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
2017; 67:2499-2508.
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, catalase, citrate utilization, egg yolk lecithinase, esculin hydrolysis, gelatinase, nitrate
reduction, oxidase, starch hydrolysis, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, amygdalin (weak), arbutin,
D-fructose, D-glucose, glycogen, D-maltose, methyl-D-glucopyranoside, D-ribose, salicin, D-sucrose, starch, D-trehalose and
D-turanose.
Negative results for beta-galactosidase, H2S production, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, tryptophan
deaminase, urease, acid production from: D-adonitol, D- and L-arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, D- and
L-fucose, D-galactose, gentiobiose, gluconate, glycerol, inulin, inositol, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, D-lactose, D-lyxose, D-mannose,
D-manitol, D-melibiose, melezitose, beta-methyl-D-mannoside, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol, L-sorbose, D-tagatose,
beta-methyl-xyloside, xylitol, D- and L-xylose.
reduction, oxidase, starch hydrolysis, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, amygdalin (weak), arbutin,
D-fructose, D-glucose, glycogen, D-maltose, methyl-D-glucopyranoside, D-ribose, salicin, D-sucrose, starch, D-trehalose and
D-turanose.
Negative results for beta-galactosidase, H2S production, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, tryptophan
deaminase, urease, acid production from: D-adonitol, D- and L-arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, D- and
L-fucose, D-galactose, gentiobiose, gluconate, glycerol, inulin, inositol, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, D-lactose, D-lyxose, D-mannose,
D-manitol, D-melibiose, melezitose, beta-methyl-D-mannoside, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol, L-sorbose, D-tagatose,
beta-methyl-xyloside, xylitol, D- and L-xylose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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