Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Betaproteobacteria, Order Burkholderiales, Family Burkholderiaceae, Genus
Cupriavidus, Cupriavidus metallidurans (Coenye et al. 1999) Vandamme and Coenye 2004.
Old synonyms: Ralstonia gilardii Coenye et al. 1999, Wautersia gilardii (Coenye et al.
1999) Vaneechoutte et al. 2004.
Cupriavidus, Cupriavidus metallidurans (Coenye et al. 1999) Vandamme and Coenye 2004.
Old synonyms: Ralstonia gilardii Coenye et al. 1999, Wautersia gilardii (Coenye et al.
1999) Vaneechoutte et al. 2004.
Gram-negative rods, 0.7 x 1.8-2.6 μm. Motile by one polar flagellum (motility at 30 ºC
is strain dependant). Non-sporulating.
is strain dependant). Non-sporulating.
Colony color is beige. Grows on Trypticase Soy Agar, Drigalski agar and in 0.5 and
1.5% NaCl. Can grow at 30, 37 and 42 ºC. Aerobic. No haemolysis and odour on
horse blood. No fluorescence on King's B medium. No growth on cetrimide agar,
acetamide, 10% lactose, 4.5 and 6% NaCl.
1.5% NaCl. Can grow at 30, 37 and 42 ºC. Aerobic. No haemolysis and odour on
horse blood. No fluorescence on King's B medium. No growth on cetrimide agar,
acetamide, 10% lactose, 4.5 and 6% NaCl.
Isolated from whirlpools and from human clinical samples.
Undetermined. Isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid, furuncle and bone marrow.
- Coenye T., Falsen E., Vancanneyt M., Hoste B., Govan J.R.W., Kersters K. and Vandamme P.: Classification of Alcaligenes
faecalis-like isolates from the environment and human clinical samples as Ralstonia gilardii sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999,
49, 405-413. - Eiko Yabuuchi, Yoshiaki Kawamura and Takayuki Ezaki: Genus VII. Ralstonia Yabuuchi, Kosako, Yano, Hotta and Nishiuchi 1996,
625VP In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second edition,Vol two, part C, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp. 609-
620. - Vandamme P. and Coenye T.: Taxonomy of the genus Cupriavidus: a tale of lost and found. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54,
2285-2289.
Positive results for alkaline phosphatase, catalase, esterase C4, esterase C8, leucine-arylamidase and oxidase.
Can assimilate pyruvate, succinate, glycerol, L-alpha-alanine, D- and L- alanine, acetate, DL-lactate, L-histidine, L-tyrosine,
DL-glycerate, propionate, L-valine, L-proline, L-serine, L-phenylalanine, DL-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-malate, isobutyrate, butyrate,
L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-tryptophan, beta-alanine, n-valerate, levulinate, pelargonate, 2-aminobenzoate, azelate, sebacate, glutarate,
DL-3-aminobutyrate, pimelate, citraconate, mesaconate, itaconate, isovalerate, sucrose, meso-tartrate, gluconate, fumarate,
L-malate, L-aspartate and L-glutamate.
Negative results for amylase, arginine dihydrolase, DNase, alpha-fucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, gelatin liquefaction,
beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, H2S production in TSI, indole production,
alpha-mannosidase, nitrate and nitrite reduction, denitrification, starch hydrolysis, Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease, lipase C14, cysteine
arylamidase, valine arylamidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, tryptophanase, acid production from D-glucose, adonitol, D-fructose and
D-xylose.
No assimilation of D-glucose, inositol, D-galactose, sorbitol, mannitol, trehalose, D-mannose, DL-glycerate, p-hydroxybenzoate,
DL-4-aminobutyrate, betaine, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, D-fructose, D- and L-arabinose, D-lyxose, glucosamine, aconitate, L-arginine,
N-acetylglucosamine, sarcosine, L-ornithine, L-lysine, DL-kynurenine, n-caproate, heptanoate, DL-5-aminovalerate, ethanolamine,
L-cysteine, dulcitol, D-tagatose, D-fucose, amygdalin, ribose, malonate, 2-ketoglutarate, DL-2-aminobutyrate, L-citrulline, amylamine,
arbutin, salicin, diaminobutane, L-rhamnose, xylitol, D- and L-arabitol, m-hydroxybenzoate, butylamine, tryptamine, adonitol,
ethylamine, erythritol, oxalate, L-methionine, maleate, D-tartrate, terephthalate, lactose, D- and L-xylose, D-tryptophan, L-mandelate,
methyl D-glucoside, D-turanose, o-hydroxybenzoate, glycine, urea, acetamide, D-melibiose, L-tartrate, benzoate, D-cellobiose,
benzylamine, histamine, beta-gentiobiose, D-raffinose, spermine, methyl D-mannoside, D-melezitose, starch, D-mandelate,
trigonellin, glycogen, creatine, 3- and 4-aminobenzoate, phthalate, inulin, methylxyloside, L-sorbose, esculin or isophthalate.
Variable results for assimilation of D-alpha-alanine, L- threonine, DL-norvaline, L-norleucine, caprylate, glycolate, maltose, caprate,
adipate, citrate and phenylacetate.
Can assimilate pyruvate, succinate, glycerol, L-alpha-alanine, D- and L- alanine, acetate, DL-lactate, L-histidine, L-tyrosine,
DL-glycerate, propionate, L-valine, L-proline, L-serine, L-phenylalanine, DL-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-malate, isobutyrate, butyrate,
L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-tryptophan, beta-alanine, n-valerate, levulinate, pelargonate, 2-aminobenzoate, azelate, sebacate, glutarate,
DL-3-aminobutyrate, pimelate, citraconate, mesaconate, itaconate, isovalerate, sucrose, meso-tartrate, gluconate, fumarate,
L-malate, L-aspartate and L-glutamate.
Negative results for amylase, arginine dihydrolase, DNase, alpha-fucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, gelatin liquefaction,
beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, H2S production in TSI, indole production,
alpha-mannosidase, nitrate and nitrite reduction, denitrification, starch hydrolysis, Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease, lipase C14, cysteine
arylamidase, valine arylamidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, tryptophanase, acid production from D-glucose, adonitol, D-fructose and
D-xylose.
No assimilation of D-glucose, inositol, D-galactose, sorbitol, mannitol, trehalose, D-mannose, DL-glycerate, p-hydroxybenzoate,
DL-4-aminobutyrate, betaine, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, D-fructose, D- and L-arabinose, D-lyxose, glucosamine, aconitate, L-arginine,
N-acetylglucosamine, sarcosine, L-ornithine, L-lysine, DL-kynurenine, n-caproate, heptanoate, DL-5-aminovalerate, ethanolamine,
L-cysteine, dulcitol, D-tagatose, D-fucose, amygdalin, ribose, malonate, 2-ketoglutarate, DL-2-aminobutyrate, L-citrulline, amylamine,
arbutin, salicin, diaminobutane, L-rhamnose, xylitol, D- and L-arabitol, m-hydroxybenzoate, butylamine, tryptamine, adonitol,
ethylamine, erythritol, oxalate, L-methionine, maleate, D-tartrate, terephthalate, lactose, D- and L-xylose, D-tryptophan, L-mandelate,
methyl D-glucoside, D-turanose, o-hydroxybenzoate, glycine, urea, acetamide, D-melibiose, L-tartrate, benzoate, D-cellobiose,
benzylamine, histamine, beta-gentiobiose, D-raffinose, spermine, methyl D-mannoside, D-melezitose, starch, D-mandelate,
trigonellin, glycogen, creatine, 3- and 4-aminobenzoate, phthalate, inulin, methylxyloside, L-sorbose, esculin or isophthalate.
Variable results for assimilation of D-alpha-alanine, L- threonine, DL-norvaline, L-norleucine, caprylate, glycolate, maltose, caprate,
adipate, citrate and phenylacetate.
(c) Costin Stoica
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