| Cupriavidus necator |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Betaproteobacteria, Order Burkholderiales, Family Burkholderiaceae, Genus
Cupriavidus, Cupriavidus necator Makkar and Casida 1987, type species of the genus.
Old synonyms: Alcaligenes eutrophus Davis 1969, Wautersia eutropha (Davis 1969) Vaneechoutte et al. 2004, Ralstonia eutropha
(Davis 1969) Yabuuchi et al. 1996.
Cupriavidus, Cupriavidus necator Makkar and Casida 1987, type species of the genus.
Old synonyms: Alcaligenes eutrophus Davis 1969, Wautersia eutropha (Davis 1969) Vaneechoutte et al. 2004, Ralstonia eutropha
(Davis 1969) Yabuuchi et al. 1996.
Gram-negative coccoid rods, 0.7-0.9 / 0.9-1.3 μm. Motile by two to ten peritrichous
flagella. Accumulate poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
flagella. Accumulate poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
Colonies on nutrient agar after 2 days incubation at 27 ºC are off-white, glistening,
mucoid, smooth, and convex, with an entire edge, 2-4 mm in diameter. May produce
small numbers of a nonmucoid variant. The variant resembles the mucoid form but a
drier, flatter appearance and smaller colonies. Optimum growth temperature is 27 ºC.
Delayed growth at 15 ºC; variable growth at 42 ºC (grows at 41 ºC); no growth at 55 ºC.
Optimum pH is 7.0-8.0 (range 5.5-9.2). NaCl at 3% inhibits growth (poor growth in 2%
NaCl, but grows in 1% NaCl). Growth initiation is stimulated by copper. Resistant to
copper at concentrations up to at least 800 μM. Grows on nutrient agar. Aerobic; weak
growth anaerobically. In thioglycolate broth, grows only in the oxidized zone.
Hemolysis is not produced on blood agar.
mucoid, smooth, and convex, with an entire edge, 2-4 mm in diameter. May produce
small numbers of a nonmucoid variant. The variant resembles the mucoid form but a
drier, flatter appearance and smaller colonies. Optimum growth temperature is 27 ºC.
Delayed growth at 15 ºC; variable growth at 42 ºC (grows at 41 ºC); no growth at 55 ºC.
Optimum pH is 7.0-8.0 (range 5.5-9.2). NaCl at 3% inhibits growth (poor growth in 2%
NaCl, but grows in 1% NaCl). Growth initiation is stimulated by copper. Resistant to
copper at concentrations up to at least 800 μM. Grows on nutrient agar. Aerobic; weak
growth anaerobically. In thioglycolate broth, grows only in the oxidized zone.
Hemolysis is not produced on blood agar.
Isolated from soil and plants.
Nonobligate predator causing lysis of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in soil. Growth does not require presence of
prey species.
prey species.
- Vandamme P. and Coenye T.: Taxonomy of the genus Cupriavidus: a tale of lost and found. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54,
2285-2289. - David L. Balkwill: Genus II. Cupriavidus Makkar and Casida 1987a, 325VP In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second
edition,Vol two, part C, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp. 600-604. - Eiko Yabuuchi, Yoshiaki Kawamura and Takayuki Ezaki: Genus VII. Ralstonia Yabuuchi, Kosako, Yano, Hotta and Nishiuchi 1996,
625VP In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second edition,Vol two, part C, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp. 609-
620. - Makkar N.S. and Casida Jr. L.E.: Cupriavidus necator gen. nov., sp. nov.: a nonobligate bacterial predator of bacteria in soil. Int. J.
Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 323-326. - Joao M.B.T.Cavalheiro, Catarina M.D.de Almeida, ChristianGrandfils, M.M.R.da Fonseca 2008. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production
by Cupriavidus necator using waste glycerol (abstract). Process Biochemistry Volume 44, Issue 5, May 2009, Pages 509-515. - Ligiane Aparecida Florentino, Paula Marcela Duque Jaramillo, Karina Barroso Silva, Jacqueline Savana da Silva, Silvia Maria de
Oliveira, Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira 2012. Physiological and symbiotic diversity of Cupriavidus necator strains isolated from
nodules of Leguminosae species. Scientia Agricola. 69. 247-258. 10.1590/S0103-90162012000400003. - Coenye T., Falsen E., Vancanneyt M., Hoste B., Govan J.R.W., Kersters K. and Vandamme P.: Classification of Alcaligenes
faecalis-like isolates from the environment and human clinical samples as Ralstonia gilardii sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999,
49, 405-413.
Positive results for alkaline phosphatase, catalase, hippurate hydrolysis, oxidase, pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, tributyrin hydrolysis,
tyrosine degradation and Tween 20 hydrolysis.
Can utilize adipate, acetate (delayed reaction), L-alanine (delayed reaction), L-aspartate, citrate, fructose (delayed reaction), fumarate,
gluconate, L-glutamate (delayed reaction), glutarate, L-histidine (most strains), p-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, L-leucine (delayed reaction),
oxalacetate, succinate, L-valine (delayed reaction), phenylacetate, DL-malate, caprate, suberate, propionate, malonate, D- and L-serine
(most strains), tartrate, succinic acid, bromosuccinic acid and succinamic acid.
Negative results for DNase, esculin hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, H2S production, indole production, lysine
decarboxylase, starch hydrolysis or urease.
No utilization of arabinose, adonitol, D-arabitol, benzoate, L-fucose, D-galactose, glucose, glycerol, m-inositol, lactose, L-lysine,
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, maltose, mannitol, mannose, melibiose, mucate, L-methionine, rhamnose, xylose, alpha-cyclodextrin,
D-psicose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol, sucrose, D-trehalose, turanose, xylitol, itaconic acid (most strains), i-erythritol (most
strains).
Variable results for phenilalanine deaminase, nitrate reduction (positive in Makkar's study), Tweeen 80 hydrolysis (positive in Makkar's
study), utilization of maleate and 2-ketogluconate.
tyrosine degradation and Tween 20 hydrolysis.
Can utilize adipate, acetate (delayed reaction), L-alanine (delayed reaction), L-aspartate, citrate, fructose (delayed reaction), fumarate,
gluconate, L-glutamate (delayed reaction), glutarate, L-histidine (most strains), p-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, L-leucine (delayed reaction),
oxalacetate, succinate, L-valine (delayed reaction), phenylacetate, DL-malate, caprate, suberate, propionate, malonate, D- and L-serine
(most strains), tartrate, succinic acid, bromosuccinic acid and succinamic acid.
Negative results for DNase, esculin hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, H2S production, indole production, lysine
decarboxylase, starch hydrolysis or urease.
No utilization of arabinose, adonitol, D-arabitol, benzoate, L-fucose, D-galactose, glucose, glycerol, m-inositol, lactose, L-lysine,
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, maltose, mannitol, mannose, melibiose, mucate, L-methionine, rhamnose, xylose, alpha-cyclodextrin,
D-psicose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol, sucrose, D-trehalose, turanose, xylitol, itaconic acid (most strains), i-erythritol (most
strains).
Variable results for phenilalanine deaminase, nitrate reduction (positive in Makkar's study), Tweeen 80 hydrolysis (positive in Makkar's
study), utilization of maleate and 2-ketogluconate.
(c) Costin Stoica
| Antibiogram |
| Encyclopedia |
| Culture media |
| Biochemical tests |
| Stainings |
| Images |
| Movies |
| Articles |
| Identification |
| Software |
| R E G N U M PROKARYOTAE |
| Back |