| Paraburkholderia heleia |
Description is based mostly on Biolog GN2, API ZYM, API 20E, API 50 CH and API 20 NE results.
Positive results for acid and alkaline phosphatase, catalase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), beta-glucosidase, leucine
arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, nitrate reduction, oxidase, urease, Tweens 20, 40 and 60 hydrolysis, acid production
from erythritol, D-xylose, D-adonitol, L-sorbose, dulcitol, aesculin, salicin, D-lactose, trehalose, xylitol and gentiobiose.
Can utilize adonitol, cellobiose, i-erythritol, L-rhamnose, trehalose, quinic acid, L-ornithine, 2-aminoethanol, D-glucose 6-
phosphate, Tweens 40 and 80, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-arabinose, D-arabitol, D-fructose, L-fucose, D-galactose, alpha-D-glucose,
m-inositol, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-sorbitol, pyruvic acid methylester, succinic acid monomethylester, acetic acid, cis-aconitic acid,
citric acid, formic acid, D-galactonic acid lactone, D-gluconic acid, D-glucosaminic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic
acid, alpha-ketobutyric acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, DL-lactic acid, propionic acid, sebacic acid, succinic acid, bromosuccinic acid,
succinamic acid, L-alaninamide, D- and L-alanine, L-alanylglycine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, glycyl-L-glutamic
acid, L-histidine, hydroxy-L-proline, L-leucine, Lphenylalanine, L-proline, L-pyroglutamic acid, L-serine, L-threonine, caminobutyric acid,
urocanic acid, glycerol, 5-ketogluconate, adipate (weak reaction), caprate, L-malate, glucose and phenylacetate.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, cystine arylamidase, DNase, alpha-fucosidase, gelatinase, beta-galactosidase,
alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, indole production, alpha-mannosidase,
trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, Tween 80 hydrolysis, valine arylamidase, acid production from D-mannose, L-rhamnose, arbutin, maltose,
sucrose, raffinose, L-arabitol, potassium gluconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate.
No utilization of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, gentiobiose, alpha-D-lactose, lactulose, maltose, melibiose, raffinose, sucrose, turanose,
xylitol, D-galacturonic acid, D-glucuronic acid, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, itaconic acid, alpha-ketovaleric acid, malonic acid,
D-saccharic acid, glucuronamide, glycyl-L-aspartic acid, DL-carnitine, inosine, phenylethylamine, 2,3-butanediol, alpha-D-glucose
1-phosphate, alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-methyl-D-glucoside, uridine, thymidine, acetate and citrate.
Positive results for acid and alkaline phosphatase, catalase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), beta-glucosidase, leucine
arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, nitrate reduction, oxidase, urease, Tweens 20, 40 and 60 hydrolysis, acid production
from erythritol, D-xylose, D-adonitol, L-sorbose, dulcitol, aesculin, salicin, D-lactose, trehalose, xylitol and gentiobiose.
Can utilize adonitol, cellobiose, i-erythritol, L-rhamnose, trehalose, quinic acid, L-ornithine, 2-aminoethanol, D-glucose 6-
phosphate, Tweens 40 and 80, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-arabinose, D-arabitol, D-fructose, L-fucose, D-galactose, alpha-D-glucose,
m-inositol, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-sorbitol, pyruvic acid methylester, succinic acid monomethylester, acetic acid, cis-aconitic acid,
citric acid, formic acid, D-galactonic acid lactone, D-gluconic acid, D-glucosaminic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic
acid, alpha-ketobutyric acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, DL-lactic acid, propionic acid, sebacic acid, succinic acid, bromosuccinic acid,
succinamic acid, L-alaninamide, D- and L-alanine, L-alanylglycine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, glycyl-L-glutamic
acid, L-histidine, hydroxy-L-proline, L-leucine, Lphenylalanine, L-proline, L-pyroglutamic acid, L-serine, L-threonine, caminobutyric acid,
urocanic acid, glycerol, 5-ketogluconate, adipate (weak reaction), caprate, L-malate, glucose and phenylacetate.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, cystine arylamidase, DNase, alpha-fucosidase, gelatinase, beta-galactosidase,
alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, indole production, alpha-mannosidase,
trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, Tween 80 hydrolysis, valine arylamidase, acid production from D-mannose, L-rhamnose, arbutin, maltose,
sucrose, raffinose, L-arabitol, potassium gluconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate.
No utilization of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, gentiobiose, alpha-D-lactose, lactulose, maltose, melibiose, raffinose, sucrose, turanose,
xylitol, D-galacturonic acid, D-glucuronic acid, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, itaconic acid, alpha-ketovaleric acid, malonic acid,
D-saccharic acid, glucuronamide, glycyl-L-aspartic acid, DL-carnitine, inosine, phenylethylamine, 2,3-butanediol, alpha-D-glucose
1-phosphate, alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-methyl-D-glucoside, uridine, thymidine, acetate and citrate.
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Betaproteobacteria, Order Burkholderiales, Family Burkholderiaceae, Genus
Paraburkholderia, Paraburkholderia heleia (Aizawa et al. 2010) Sawana et al. 2015.
Old synonym: Burkholderia heleia Aizawa et al. 2010.
Paraburkholderia, Paraburkholderia heleia (Aizawa et al. 2010) Sawana et al. 2015.
Old synonym: Burkholderia heleia Aizawa et al. 2010.
Gram-negative rods, 0.6-0.7 x 1.5-1.7 μm. Non-motile. Non-sporeforming.
Colonies are smooth, round, convex and pale yellow with entire margins after
cultivation for 3 days at 32 ºC on 1/10 tryptic soy agar plates (pH 4.0). Growth occurs
between 17 and 42 ºC with an optimum at 32 ºC. The pH range for growth is 3.5-9.0
(optimum pH 5.0). Grows on MacConkey agar at 29 ºC, but not at 37 ºC. Growth and
acetylene reduction to ethylene occur on N2-free soft gel medium. Strictly aerobic
cultivation for 3 days at 32 ºC on 1/10 tryptic soy agar plates (pH 4.0). Growth occurs
between 17 and 42 ºC with an optimum at 32 ºC. The pH range for growth is 3.5-9.0
(optimum pH 5.0). Grows on MacConkey agar at 29 ºC, but not at 37 ºC. Growth and
acetylene reduction to ethylene occur on N2-free soft gel medium. Strictly aerobic
Isolated from an aquatic plant, Eleocharis dulcis, that grows in highly acidic swamps in actual acid sulfate soil areas of Vietnam.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Resistant to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tylosin, colistin, flumequin & rifampicin. Sensitive
to kanamycin, apramycin & cotrimoxazole.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Resistant to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tylosin, colistin, flumequin & rifampicin. Sensitive
to kanamycin, apramycin & cotrimoxazole.
Undetermined.
- Aizawa T., Ve N.B., Nakajima M. and Sunairi M.: Burkholderia heleia sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from an aquatic
plant, Eleocharis dulcis, that grows in highly acidic swamps in actual acid sulfate soil areas of Vietnam. Int. J. Syst. Evol.
Microbiol., 2010, 60, 1152-1157. - Sawana, A., Adeolu, M. and Gupta, R. S. 2014. Molecular signatures and phylogenomic analysis of the genus Burkholderia:
proposal for division of this genus into the emended genus Burkholderia containing pathogenic organisms and a new genus
Paraburkholderia gen. nov. harboring environmental species. Frontiers in genetics, 5, 429. - Kang, S. R., Srinivasan, S. and Lee, S. S. 2014. Burkholderia eburnea sp. nov., isolated from peat soil. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.,
64, 1108-1115.
(c) Costin Stoica
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