| Arcobacter vitoriensis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Epsilonproteobacteria, Order Campylobacterales, Family Arcobacteraceae, Genus
Arcobacter, Arcobacter vitoriensis (Alonso et al. 2021) On et al. 2021.
Synonym: Aliarcobacter vitoriensis Alonso et al. 2021.
Arcobacter, Arcobacter vitoriensis (Alonso et al. 2021) On et al. 2021.
Synonym: Aliarcobacter vitoriensis Alonso et al. 2021.
Gram-negative slightly curved rods, 0.4-0.5 µm x 1.3-1.8 µm. Motile by a single polar flagellum. Non-spore-forming. Non-encapsulated.
Colonies on blood agar incubated in aerobic conditions at 30 ºC for 48 h are 2-4 mm
in diameter, beige to offwhite, circular with entire margins, and convex. No alpha
haemolysis is observed on blood agar. Pigments are not produced. Cells grow well
under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions with no significant differences
at 25, 30, and 37 ºC on nutrient medium supplemented with 5% sheep blood, but not
at 42 ºC. Under aerobic conditions at 30 ºC the strain grows on MacConkey,
non-supplemented campylobacter charcoal deoxycholate agar (CCDA) and on
nutrient medium supplemented with 5% sheep blood also containing 2% (w/v) NaCl,
0.1% sodium deoxycholate, 1% oxgall, 0.04% 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
(TTC), 64 mg/ l cefoperazone, 0.05% safranin, 0.0005% crystal violet, 0.005% basic
fuchsine or 0.001% brilliant green. No growth occurs on Davis minimal agar, nor on
nutrient medium supplemented with 5% sheep blood containing 4% (w/v) NaCl, 1%
glycine or 0.1% TTC.
in diameter, beige to offwhite, circular with entire margins, and convex. No alpha
haemolysis is observed on blood agar. Pigments are not produced. Cells grow well
under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions with no significant differences
at 25, 30, and 37 ºC on nutrient medium supplemented with 5% sheep blood, but not
at 42 ºC. Under aerobic conditions at 30 ºC the strain grows on MacConkey,
non-supplemented campylobacter charcoal deoxycholate agar (CCDA) and on
nutrient medium supplemented with 5% sheep blood also containing 2% (w/v) NaCl,
0.1% sodium deoxycholate, 1% oxgall, 0.04% 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
(TTC), 64 mg/ l cefoperazone, 0.05% safranin, 0.0005% crystal violet, 0.005% basic
fuchsine or 0.001% brilliant green. No growth occurs on Davis minimal agar, nor on
nutrient medium supplemented with 5% sheep blood containing 4% (w/v) NaCl, 1%
glycine or 0.1% TTC.
Isolated from carrot and urban wastewater collected from the Crispijana wastewater treatment plant, Spain.
Resistant to cefoperazone (64 mg / l), ampicillin (MIC, 32 and 12 µg/mL, respectively) and to tetracycline (4 µg/mL); one strain was
resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (12 µg/mL). Both isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and gentamicin.
Resistant to cefoperazone (64 mg / l), ampicillin (MIC, 32 and 12 µg/mL, respectively) and to tetracycline (4 µg/mL); one strain was
resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (12 µg/mL). Both isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and gentamicin.
Undetermined.
- Kerkhof PJ, On SLW, Houf K. Arcobacter vandammei sp. nov., isolated from the rectal mucus of a healthy pig. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 2021; 71:5113. - On SLW, Miller WG, Biggs PJ, Cornelius AJ, Vandamme P. Aliarcobacter, Halarcobacter, Malaciobacter, Pseudarcobacter and
Poseidonibacter are later synonyms of Arcobacter: transfer of Poseidonibacter parvus, Poseidonibacter antarcticus,
'Halarcobacter arenosus', and 'Aliarcobacter vitoriensis' to Arcobacter as Arcobacter parvus comb. nov., Arcobacter antarcticus
comb. nov., Arcobacter arenosus comb. nov. and Arcobacter vitoriensis comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:5133.
Positive results for acid phosphatase, catalase, esterase lipase (C8), indoxyl acetate hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, naphthol-AS-BI-
phosphohydrolase, oxidase, TTC reduction and Voges–Proskauer test.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, citrate utilization, cysteine arylamidase, esterase (C4), beta-
galactosidase, H2S production on TSI, hippurate hydrolysis, indole production, leucine arylamidase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine
decarboxylase, tryptone deaminase, urease and valine arylamidase. No fermentation / oxidation of: amygdalin, arabinose, D-glucose,
inositol, mannitol, melibiose, sorbitol, rhamnose and sucrose.
In the API 20NE assimilation tests, all substrates gave negative results. In the API 20E tests, both isolates presented a positive result
for acetoin production (Voges-Prosakauer) and nitrate reduction; the remaining reactions gave negative results.
phosphohydrolase, oxidase, TTC reduction and Voges–Proskauer test.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, citrate utilization, cysteine arylamidase, esterase (C4), beta-
galactosidase, H2S production on TSI, hippurate hydrolysis, indole production, leucine arylamidase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine
decarboxylase, tryptone deaminase, urease and valine arylamidase. No fermentation / oxidation of: amygdalin, arabinose, D-glucose,
inositol, mannitol, melibiose, sorbitol, rhamnose and sucrose.
In the API 20NE assimilation tests, all substrates gave negative results. In the API 20E tests, both isolates presented a positive result
for acetoin production (Voges-Prosakauer) and nitrate reduction; the remaining reactions gave negative results.
(c) Costin Stoica
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