| Aquaspirillum (Novispirillum) itersonii |
Aerobic but can grow anaerobically using nitrate. Can grow at 15 ºC, not at 10 or 44
ºC. Grows in the presence of 1% bile, but not in the presence of 3% NaCl. Subsp.
nipponicum can grow in 1% glycine (subsp. itersonii not). Both subspecies can grow
on TSI, EMB, Sellers and MacConkey agars. Can grow in MRVP broth. Subsp.
itersonii can produce a water-soluble yellow-green fluorescent pigment or
water-soluble brown pigment in the presence of tyrosine or tryptophan (no data
available for subsp. nipponicum). Range of pH for growth is 6.0-9.0.
ºC. Grows in the presence of 1% bile, but not in the presence of 3% NaCl. Subsp.
nipponicum can grow in 1% glycine (subsp. itersonii not). Both subspecies can grow
on TSI, EMB, Sellers and MacConkey agars. Can grow in MRVP broth. Subsp.
itersonii can produce a water-soluble yellow-green fluorescent pigment or
water-soluble brown pigment in the presence of tyrosine or tryptophan (no data
available for subsp. nipponicum). Range of pH for growth is 6.0-9.0.
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Betaproteobacteria, Order Neisseriales, Family Chromobacteriaceae, Genus
Aquaspirillum, subspecies:
- Aquaspirillum itersonii subsp. itersonii (Giesberger 1936) Terasaki 1979;
- Aquaspirillum itersonii subsp. nipponicum (Terasaki 1973) Terasaki 1979.
Old synonyms: Levispirillum itersonii Hylemon et al. 1973, Spirillum itersonii subsp. nipponicum Terasaki 1973.
Moved to genus Novispirillum as
- Novispirillum itersonii subsp. itersonii (Giesberger 1936) Yoon et al. 2007;
- Novispirillum itersonii subsp. nipponicum (Terasaki 1973) Yoon et al. 2007.
Aquaspirillum, subspecies:
- Aquaspirillum itersonii subsp. itersonii (Giesberger 1936) Terasaki 1979;
- Aquaspirillum itersonii subsp. nipponicum (Terasaki 1973) Terasaki 1979.
Old synonyms: Levispirillum itersonii Hylemon et al. 1973, Spirillum itersonii subsp. nipponicum Terasaki 1973.
Moved to genus Novispirillum as
- Novispirillum itersonii subsp. itersonii (Giesberger 1936) Yoon et al. 2007;
- Novispirillum itersonii subsp. nipponicum (Terasaki 1973) Yoon et al. 2007.
Gram-negative, helical cells, 0.4-0.6 / 2.0-10.0 μm - subsp. itersonii and 0.5-0.8 / 2.0-
10.0μm - subsp. nipponicum. Motile by bipolar flagella. Intracellular poly-beta-
hydroxybutyrate is formed. Cells may develop into thin-walled coccoid bodies
(“microcysts”) within several days to several weeks.
10.0μm - subsp. nipponicum. Motile by bipolar flagella. Intracellular poly-beta-
hydroxybutyrate is formed. Cells may develop into thin-walled coccoid bodies
(“microcysts”) within several days to several weeks.
Isolated from pond water and from putrid infusions of freshwater mussels. Susceptible to novobiocin, streptomycin, gentamicin,
chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin & neomycin. Resistant to carbenicillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, cephalothin & oleandomycin.
chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin & neomycin. Resistant to carbenicillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, cephalothin & oleandomycin.
Undetermined.
- Tone Tonjum, 2005. Order IV. Neisseriales ord. nov. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second edition, Vol two, part
C The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp 774-863. - Euzeby (J.P.): List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.,
1997, 47, 590-592. (List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. https://www.bacterio.net). - Hylemon (P.B.), Wells Jr. (J.S.), Krieg (N.R.) and Jannasch (H.W.): The genus Spirillum: A taxonomic study. International Journal of
Systematic Bacteriology, 1973, 23, 340-380. - Yoon (J.H.), Kang (S.J.), Park (S.), Lee (S.Y.) and Oh (T.K.): Reclassification of Aquaspirillum itersonii and Aquaspirillum
peregrinum as Novispirillum itersonii gen. nov., comb. nov. and Insolitispirillum peregrinum gen. nov., comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol.
Microbiol., 2007, 57, 2830-2835.
Positive results for alkaline phosphatase, catalase, esculin hydrolysis, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), H2S production from
0.2% cysteine, nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction, denitrification, oxidase, phosphatase, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease & tyrosine
hydrolysis. Fructose is acidified. Can acidify glucose media under semi-anaerobic conditions, but not under aerobic conditions.
Glycerol is acidified only aerobically. Can utilize as sole carbon source: aconitate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate,
beta-hydroxybutyrate, D-fructose, L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, L-glutamate, L-aspartate, L-glutamine, asparagine & L-proline.
Negative results for casein hydrolysis, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, gelatin
hydrolysis (4 days incubation at 30 ºC), hippurate hydrolysis, indole production, starch hydrolysis & urease. Cannot utilize: citrate,
esculin, erythritol, isocitrate, tartrate, caproate, p-hydroxybenzoate, D-glucose, D-xylose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, rhamnose,
dulcitol, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol, D- and L-arabinose, amygdalin, arbutin, salicin, cellobiose, maltose, lactose, melibiose, sucrose,
trehalose, inulin, melezitose, raffinose, starch, glycogen, xylitol, gentiobiose, D-turanose, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D- and L-fucose, D-
and L-arabitol, L-tyrosine, L-methionine, L-serine, glycine, gluconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, L-isoleucine, trypsin, & L-tryptophan.
Variable utilization of acetate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, lactate, malonate, propionate, butyrate, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, glycerol,
L-alanine, L-hydroxyproline, L-ornithine, L-citrulline, L-arginine, L-lysine, putrescine, L-cysteine, L-leucine & L-valine.
0.2% cysteine, nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction, denitrification, oxidase, phosphatase, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease & tyrosine
hydrolysis. Fructose is acidified. Can acidify glucose media under semi-anaerobic conditions, but not under aerobic conditions.
Glycerol is acidified only aerobically. Can utilize as sole carbon source: aconitate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate,
beta-hydroxybutyrate, D-fructose, L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, L-glutamate, L-aspartate, L-glutamine, asparagine & L-proline.
Negative results for casein hydrolysis, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, gelatin
hydrolysis (4 days incubation at 30 ºC), hippurate hydrolysis, indole production, starch hydrolysis & urease. Cannot utilize: citrate,
esculin, erythritol, isocitrate, tartrate, caproate, p-hydroxybenzoate, D-glucose, D-xylose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, rhamnose,
dulcitol, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol, D- and L-arabinose, amygdalin, arbutin, salicin, cellobiose, maltose, lactose, melibiose, sucrose,
trehalose, inulin, melezitose, raffinose, starch, glycogen, xylitol, gentiobiose, D-turanose, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D- and L-fucose, D-
and L-arabitol, L-tyrosine, L-methionine, L-serine, glycine, gluconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, L-isoleucine, trypsin, & L-tryptophan.
Variable utilization of acetate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, lactate, malonate, propionate, butyrate, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, glycerol,
L-alanine, L-hydroxyproline, L-ornithine, L-citrulline, L-arginine, L-lysine, putrescine, L-cysteine, L-leucine & L-valine.
(c) Costin Stoica
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Legend: +, Positive reaction; −, negative reaction; w, weakly positive reaction.
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