| Erwinia billingiae |
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Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74% of strains
Differential characters:
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Erwiniaceae, Genus Erwinia,
Erwinia billingiae Mergaert et al. 1999.
Erwinia billingiae Mergaert et al. 1999.
Gram negative, straight bacilli, motile by peritrichous flagella, 0.5-1.0 x 1-3 μm.
Colonies grown on nutrient agar are circular, low convex with entire margins,
translucent and not pigmented. Grows at 4 ºC, rarely at 37 ºC, but not at 41 ºC, and
have an optimal growth temperature of 28-30 ºC. Facultatively anaerobic.
translucent and not pigmented. Grows at 4 ºC, rarely at 37 ºC, but not at 41 ºC, and
have an optimal growth temperature of 28-30 ºC. Facultatively anaerobic.
Isolated from stem cankers, diseased blossoms and immature fruits mainly of rosaceous trees, often in association with plant
pathogens.
pathogens.
Considered as secondary invaders rather than primary pathogens.
- Joris Mergaert, Lysiane Hauben, Margo C. Cnockaert, and Jean Swings. Reclassification of non-pigmented Erwinia herbicola
strains from trees as Erwinia billingiae sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol April 1999 49:377-383. - Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Naushad S, S Gupta R. Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the 'Enterobacteriales': proposal for
Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov.,
Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
2016; 66:5575-5599.
Positive results for catalase, aesculin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, acid production from L-arabinose, D-fructose, glucose without
gas, gentibiose, D-gluconate, D-galactose, D-mannose, mannitol, maltose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, L-rhamnose, ribose, salicin,
sorbitol, trehalose and D-xylose.
Negative results for citrate utilization, malate utilization, oxidase, urease, phenylalanine deaminase, arginine dihydrolase, ornithine
decarboxylase, indole production, H2S production, acid production from adonitol, amygdalin, L-arabitol, D-arabinose, dulcitol,
meso-erythritol, glycerol glycogen methyl beta-D-xyloside, methyl alpha-D-mannoside, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, lactose, inulin,
inositol, melibiose, melezitose, raffinose, starch, sorbose, sucrose, xylitol, D-turanose, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D- and L-fucose,
L-xylose and Jordan's tartrate medium.
gas, gentibiose, D-gluconate, D-galactose, D-mannose, mannitol, maltose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, L-rhamnose, ribose, salicin,
sorbitol, trehalose and D-xylose.
Negative results for citrate utilization, malate utilization, oxidase, urease, phenylalanine deaminase, arginine dihydrolase, ornithine
decarboxylase, indole production, H2S production, acid production from adonitol, amygdalin, L-arabitol, D-arabinose, dulcitol,
meso-erythritol, glycerol glycogen methyl beta-D-xyloside, methyl alpha-D-mannoside, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, lactose, inulin,
inositol, melibiose, melezitose, raffinose, starch, sorbose, sucrose, xylitol, D-turanose, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D- and L-fucose,
L-xylose and Jordan's tartrate medium.
(c) Costin Stoica
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