| Lactobacillus (Loigolactobacillus) bifermentans |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Lactobacillales, Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus Lactobacillus [Group B lactobacilli
(facultatively heterofermentative), unique phylogenetic-group], Lactobacillus bifermentans (Pette and van Beynum) Kandler,
Schillinger and Weiss 1983.
Homotypic synonym: Loigolactobacillus bifermentans (Kandler et al. 1983) Zheng et al. 2020.
Old synonym: Lactobacillus bifermentans Pette and van Beynum 1943.
(facultatively heterofermentative), unique phylogenetic-group], Lactobacillus bifermentans (Pette and van Beynum) Kandler,
Schillinger and Weiss 1983.
Homotypic synonym: Loigolactobacillus bifermentans (Kandler et al. 1983) Zheng et al. 2020.
Old synonym: Lactobacillus bifermentans Pette and van Beynum 1943.
Irregular rods with rounded or often tapered ends, 0.5-1.0 x 1.5-2.0 µm, occurring singly, in pairs, or irregular short chains, often
forming clumps. Nonmotile.
forming clumps. Nonmotile.
No growth at 45 ºC. Can grow at 15 ºC.
Isolated from spoiled Edam and Gouda cheeses where it forms undesired small cracks.
Undetermined.
- Hammes W.P. and Hertel C., 2009. Genus I. Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W.
Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes,
Springer, 465-511. - Tohno M, Kitahara M, Irisawa T, Masuda T, Uegaki R, Ohkuma M and Tajima K, 2013. Description of Lactobacillus iwatensis sp.
nov. isolated from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) silage, and Lactobacillus backii sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63, 3854-
3860. - Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz MAP et al., 2020. A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel
genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
Int J Syst Microbiol. 70, 2782-2858.
Facultatively heterofermentative (hexoses are fermented almost exclusively to lactic acid by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or, at least
by some species, to lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and formic acid under glucose limitations; pentoses are fermented to lactic acid
and acetic acid via an inducible phosphoketolase).
Lactic acid is fermented to acetic acid, ethanol, traces of propionic acid, CO2, and H2 at pH greater than 4.0. In contrast to all other
lactobacilli, Lactobacillus bifermentans ferments lactate and produces free H2.
Positive results for cystine arylamidase, esterase C4, esterase lipase C8, fermentation of: adonitol, arabitol, galactose, glucose,
inositol, maltose, mannitol, rhamnose, ribose, sorbitol, and xylitol.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase,
N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase fermentation of: amygdalin, arabinose, arbutin, cellobiose, esculin, gluconate, 2-ketogluconate,
lactose, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, salicin, sucrose, and xylose.
by some species, to lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and formic acid under glucose limitations; pentoses are fermented to lactic acid
and acetic acid via an inducible phosphoketolase).
Lactic acid is fermented to acetic acid, ethanol, traces of propionic acid, CO2, and H2 at pH greater than 4.0. In contrast to all other
lactobacilli, Lactobacillus bifermentans ferments lactate and produces free H2.
Positive results for cystine arylamidase, esterase C4, esterase lipase C8, fermentation of: adonitol, arabitol, galactose, glucose,
inositol, maltose, mannitol, rhamnose, ribose, sorbitol, and xylitol.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase,
N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase fermentation of: amygdalin, arabinose, arbutin, cellobiose, esculin, gluconate, 2-ketogluconate,
lactose, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, salicin, sucrose, and xylose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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