| Lactobacillus helveticus |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Lactobacillales, Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus Lactobacillus, [Group A
lactobacilli fermentation-type (obligately homofermentative), Lactobacillus delbrueckii phylogenetic-group], Lactobacillus helveticus
(Orla-Jensen 1919) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1925.
According to Naser et al. 2006, Lactobacillus helveticus is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Lactobacillus suntoryeus Cachat & Priest
2005.
Historical synonyms: Thermobacterium helveticum Orla-Jensen 1919, "Bacillus ε" von Freudenreich 1895, "Bacillus casei ε" von
Freudenreich and Thöni 1904, "Caseobacterium ε" Orla-Jensen 1909, "Lactobacillus helveticum" (Orla-Jensen 1919) Bergey et al.
1925, "Plocamobacterium helveticum" (Orla-Jensen 1919) Pribram 1933,
"Lactobacterium helveticum" (Orla-Jensen 1919) Krasil'nikov 1949.
lactobacilli fermentation-type (obligately homofermentative), Lactobacillus delbrueckii phylogenetic-group], Lactobacillus helveticus
(Orla-Jensen 1919) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1925.
According to Naser et al. 2006, Lactobacillus helveticus is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Lactobacillus suntoryeus Cachat & Priest
2005.
Historical synonyms: Thermobacterium helveticum Orla-Jensen 1919, "Bacillus ε" von Freudenreich 1895, "Bacillus casei ε" von
Freudenreich and Thöni 1904, "Caseobacterium ε" Orla-Jensen 1909, "Lactobacillus helveticum" (Orla-Jensen 1919) Bergey et al.
1925, "Plocamobacterium helveticum" (Orla-Jensen 1919) Pribram 1933,
"Lactobacterium helveticum" (Orla-Jensen 1919) Krasil'nikov 1949.
Rods (0.6-1.0 x 2.0-6.0 µm), occurring singly or in chains. No metachromatic granules
with methylene blue (different from L. delbrueckii, L. bulgaricus, L. leichmannii and L.
lactis).
with methylene blue (different from L. delbrueckii, L. bulgaricus, L. leichmannii and L.
lactis).
Lactose agar colonies are small, white to light gray, rough to rhizoid and viscid.
Growth of agar streak cultures is greatly enhanced by anaerobiosis and 5% CO2. In
media with Tween 80 or sodium oleate, colonies tend to be larger and smoother.
Optimum growth temperature 40-42 ºC. No growth at 15 ºC. Maximum growth at 50-53
ºC. Growth factor requirements: calcium pantothenate, niacin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, or
pyridoxamine are essential.
Growth of agar streak cultures is greatly enhanced by anaerobiosis and 5% CO2. In
media with Tween 80 or sodium oleate, colonies tend to be larger and smoother.
Optimum growth temperature 40-42 ºC. No growth at 15 ºC. Maximum growth at 50-53
ºC. Growth factor requirements: calcium pantothenate, niacin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, or
pyridoxamine are essential.
Isolated from sour milk, cheese starter cultures, and cheese, particularly Emmental and Gruyère cheese.
Undetermined.
- Morita H., Shiratori C., Murakami M., Takami H., Kato Y., Endo A., Nakajima F., Takagi M., Akita H., Okada S. and Masaoka T., 2007.
Lactobacillus hayakitensis sp. nov., isolated from intestines of healthy thoroughbreds. IJSEM 57, 2836-2839. - Rogosa M., 1974. Genus I. Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901. In: (Eds.) Buchanan R.E. and Gibbons N.E., Bergey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, Eighth Edition , The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 576-593. - Naser S.M.,Hagen K.E., Vancanneyt M., Cleenwerck I., Swings J. and Tompkins T.A., 2006. Lactobacillus suntoryeus Cachat and
Priest 2005 is a later synonym of Lactobacillus helveticus (Orla-Jensen 1919) Bergey et al. 1925 (Approved Lists 1980). IJSEM 56,
355-360.
Obligately homofermentative (hexoses are fermented almost exclusively to lactic acid by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway; pentoses or
gluconate are not fermented).
Positive results for fermentation of: galactose, glucose (without gas), lactose, and maltose.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, fermentation of: amygdalin, arabinose, cellobiose, esculin, gluconate, mannitol, melezitose,
melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, ribose, salicin, sorbitol, sucrose, and xylose.
Variable results for fermentation of mannose, and trehalose.
gluconate are not fermented).
Positive results for fermentation of: galactose, glucose (without gas), lactose, and maltose.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, fermentation of: amygdalin, arabinose, cellobiose, esculin, gluconate, mannitol, melezitose,
melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, ribose, salicin, sorbitol, sucrose, and xylose.
Variable results for fermentation of mannose, and trehalose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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