| L. paracasei colonies on Sheep Blood Agar |
| Lactobacillus paracasei Gram-stained cells |
| Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Lactobacillales, Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus Lactobacillus [Group B lactobacilli
(facultatively heterofermentative), unique phylogenetic-group], Lactobacillus paracasei Collins, Phillips and Zanoni 1989.
Historical synonyms: Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei Collins et al. 1989, encompasses the type strain of Lactobacillus casei
subsp. alactosus Mills and Lessel 1973 and the type strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum Abo-Elnaga and Kandler
1965.
(facultatively heterofermentative), unique phylogenetic-group], Lactobacillus paracasei Collins, Phillips and Zanoni 1989.
Historical synonyms: Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei Collins et al. 1989, encompasses the type strain of Lactobacillus casei
subsp. alactosus Mills and Lessel 1973 and the type strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum Abo-Elnaga and Kandler
1965.
Gram-positive rods (0.8–1.0 x 2.0–4.0 μm) often with square ends, occurring singly or
in chains. Nonmotile.
in chains. Nonmotile.
Can grow at 10-40 ºC. Variable growth at 5 and 45 ºC. No growth at pH 8.5 or in 8.0%
NaCl.
NaCl.
Isolated from dairy products, sewage, silage, humans and clinical sources, and from
intestines of cattle.
intestines of cattle.
Undetermined.
- Hammes W.P. and Hertel C., 2009. Genus I. Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W.
Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes,
Springer, 465-511. - Collins M.D., Phillips B.A., and Zanoni P., 1989. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology Studies of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus
paracasei sp. nov., subsp. paracasei and subsp. tolerans, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus sp. nov., comb. nov. IJSB vol. 39, no 2,
105-108. - Huang CH, Liou JS, Lee AY, Tseng M, Miyashita M, Huang L and Watanabe K, 2018. Polyphasic characterization of a novel
species in the Lactobacillus casei group from cow manure of Taiwan: Description of L. chiayiensis sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 41
(4), 270-278.
Facultatively heterofermentative (hexoses are fermented almost exclusively to lactic
acid by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or, at least by some species, to lactic acid,
acetic acid, ethanol and formic acid under glucose limitations; pentoses are
fermented to lactic acid and acetic acid via an inducible phosphoketolase).
Positive results for esculin hydrolysis, alpha-glucosidase fermentation of: amygdalin,
arbutin, cellobiose, esculin, fructose, galactose, beta-gentibiose, glucose (acid),
gluconate, maltose, mannitol, mannose, melezitose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, ribose,
salicin, sucrose, tagatose, trehalose, and turanose.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, alpha-fucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-
and beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, nitrate
reduction, urease, fermentation of: adonitol, arabinose, arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol,
fucose, glycerol, glycogen, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, D-lyxose methyl
alpha-D-glucopyranoside, methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, methyl
beta-D-xylopyranosidemelibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, starch, xylitol, and xylose.
Variable fermentation of adonitol, dulcitol, inositol, inulin, lactose, sorbitol, and
sorbose.
acid by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or, at least by some species, to lactic acid,
acetic acid, ethanol and formic acid under glucose limitations; pentoses are
fermented to lactic acid and acetic acid via an inducible phosphoketolase).
Positive results for esculin hydrolysis, alpha-glucosidase fermentation of: amygdalin,
arbutin, cellobiose, esculin, fructose, galactose, beta-gentibiose, glucose (acid),
gluconate, maltose, mannitol, mannose, melezitose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, ribose,
salicin, sucrose, tagatose, trehalose, and turanose.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, alpha-fucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-
and beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, nitrate
reduction, urease, fermentation of: adonitol, arabinose, arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol,
fucose, glycerol, glycogen, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, D-lyxose methyl
alpha-D-glucopyranoside, methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, methyl
beta-D-xylopyranosidemelibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, starch, xylitol, and xylose.
Variable fermentation of adonitol, dulcitol, inositol, inulin, lactose, sorbitol, and
sorbose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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