| Arthrobacter citreus |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinomycetota, Class Actinomycetes, Order Micrococcales, Family Micrococcaceae, Genus Arthrobacter, Arthrobacter citreus
Sacks 1954.
Sacks 1954.
Gram-variable irregular rods showing a rod-coccus cycle, 0.7 µm (cocci) to 0.8-5 µm
(rods), and occurring in pairs as typical V-forms. Motile (weak).
(rods), and occurring in pairs as typical V-forms. Motile (weak).
Colonies on yeast extract peptone media have a yellow, nondiffusible pigment
which is insoluble in ether and acetone. Biotin, thiamine, nicotinic acid, tyrosine,
methionine, cysteine, and a siderophore such as ferrichrome or mycobactin are
required for growth. Optimum growth temperature is 25-32 ºC, weak growth at 35 ºC.
Can grow at 10 ºC. Growth occurs in the presence of 10% (w/v) NaCl. The optimum
pH range for growth is 7.5-9. Aerobic.
which is insoluble in ether and acetone. Biotin, thiamine, nicotinic acid, tyrosine,
methionine, cysteine, and a siderophore such as ferrichrome or mycobactin are
required for growth. Optimum growth temperature is 25-32 ºC, weak growth at 35 ºC.
Can grow at 10 ºC. Growth occurs in the presence of 10% (w/v) NaCl. The optimum
pH range for growth is 7.5-9. Aerobic.
Isolated from chicken feces, but probably a dust or soil contaminant.
Undetermined.
- Sacks LE. Observations on the morphogenesis of Arthrobacter citreus, spec nov. J Bacteriol 1954; 67:342-345.
- Hans-Jurgen Busse, 2012. Family I. Micrococcaceae Pribham 1929, 361 AL emend. Stackebrandt, Rainey and Ward-Rainey 1997,
479 in: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, Volume Five The Actinobacteria, Part A, Springer, 571-666. - Wauters, G., J. Charlier, M. Janssens and M. Delmee 2000. Identification of Arthrobacter oxydans, Arthrobacter luteolus sp. nov.,
and Arthrobacter albus sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 2412–2415.
Positive results for catalase, DNase, gelatin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, nitrate reduction, Tween 80
hydrolysis, and tyrosine hydrolysis. Acid is produced from glucose and mannitol.
Can utilize as sole carbon source L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-histidine, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-rhamnose,
D-ribose, D-xylose, 4-aminobutyrate, and malonate.
Assimilate citric acid, formic acid, malonic acid, and propionic acid.
Negative results for cellulose hydrolysis, citrate decomposition, indole production, litmus milk test, pyrrolidonyl peptidase,
N-acetylglucosaminidase, and starch hydrolysis. No appreciable acid production on sugar media.
Nicotine blue is not produced from nicotine.
No utilization of L-leucine, butanediol, histidinol, inositol, or gamma-hydroxybenzoate.
No assimilation of adipic acid, benzoic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, or uric acid.
Does not assimilate any carbohydrate in the API 50 CH system.
hydrolysis, and tyrosine hydrolysis. Acid is produced from glucose and mannitol.
Can utilize as sole carbon source L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-histidine, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-rhamnose,
D-ribose, D-xylose, 4-aminobutyrate, and malonate.
Assimilate citric acid, formic acid, malonic acid, and propionic acid.
Negative results for cellulose hydrolysis, citrate decomposition, indole production, litmus milk test, pyrrolidonyl peptidase,
N-acetylglucosaminidase, and starch hydrolysis. No appreciable acid production on sugar media.
Nicotine blue is not produced from nicotine.
No utilization of L-leucine, butanediol, histidinol, inositol, or gamma-hydroxybenzoate.
No assimilation of adipic acid, benzoic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, or uric acid.
Does not assimilate any carbohydrate in the API 50 CH system.
(c) Costin Stoica
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