| Arthrobacter crystallopoietes |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinomycetota, Class Actinomycetes, Order Micrococcales, Family Micrococcaceae, Genus Arthrobacter, Arthrobacter
crystallopoietes Ensign and Rittenberg 1963.
crystallopoietes Ensign and Rittenberg 1963.
Gram-positive to Gram-variable irregular rods showing a rod-coccus cycle, 0.7-1.5 µm in diameter (cocci) to 0.5-0.7 x 3-5 µm (rods).
Non-motile.
Non-motile.
Colonies on Nutrient agar are punctiform in 24 hours but increase in size to 2.0 to
2.2 mm in 72 hours; creamy-white; moist, raised, entire with smooth edge, bluish
opalescent tinge around edges in bright light. Grows in synthetic media without
addition of growth factors. Optimum growth temperature is 30 ºC, weak growth at 20
and 37 ºC. No growth at 45 ºC. Strictly aerobic. No growth on nicotine agar.
Colonies on 2-hydroxypyridine agar are cream-colored, raised, butyrous; brilliant
green crystalline pigment develops in colony mass after 3 or 4 days. The greenish
crystals dissolve slowly in a variety of polar solvents forming bright blue to deep
indigo colored solutions. The rate of solution is rapid in dilute alkali but under these
conditions the pigment isvery unstable and the blue color rapidly, and irreversibly,
turns to brown.
In nutrient broth growth is slow, producing a whitish, viscous sediment; no surface
growth.
2.2 mm in 72 hours; creamy-white; moist, raised, entire with smooth edge, bluish
opalescent tinge around edges in bright light. Grows in synthetic media without
addition of growth factors. Optimum growth temperature is 30 ºC, weak growth at 20
and 37 ºC. No growth at 45 ºC. Strictly aerobic. No growth on nicotine agar.
Colonies on 2-hydroxypyridine agar are cream-colored, raised, butyrous; brilliant
green crystalline pigment develops in colony mass after 3 or 4 days. The greenish
crystals dissolve slowly in a variety of polar solvents forming bright blue to deep
indigo colored solutions. The rate of solution is rapid in dilute alkali but under these
conditions the pigment isvery unstable and the blue color rapidly, and irreversibly,
turns to brown.
In nutrient broth growth is slow, producing a whitish, viscous sediment; no surface
growth.
Isolated from soil by enrichment in a mineral salt medium containing 2-hydroxypyridine as sole carbon and energy and nitrogen
source.
source.
Undetermined.
- Ensign JC, Rittenberg SC. A CRYSTALLINE PIGMENT PRODUCED FROM 2-HYDROXYPYRIDINE BY ARTHROBACTER
CRYSTALLOPOIETES N.SP. Arch Mikrobiol 1963; 47:137-153. - Hans-Jurgen Busse, 2012. Family I. Micrococcaceae Pribham 1929, 361 AL emend. Stackebrandt, Rainey and Ward-Rainey 1997,
479 in: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, Volume Five The Actinobacteria, Part A, Springer, 571-666.
Positive results for gelatin liquefaction, nitrate reduction, urease.
Utilizes nitrate and ammonia as nitrogen sources with glucose as carbon source.
Negative results for esculin hydrolysis, indole production, H2S production, starch hydrolysis, Voges-Proskauer test, fermentation of
glucose, sucrose, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol and arabinose.
No utilization as sole source of carbon of citrate, sorbitol, lactose, xylitol, xylose, glucose, maltose, mannitol, and sucrose
Utilizes nitrate and ammonia as nitrogen sources with glucose as carbon source.
Negative results for esculin hydrolysis, indole production, H2S production, starch hydrolysis, Voges-Proskauer test, fermentation of
glucose, sucrose, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol and arabinose.
No utilization as sole source of carbon of citrate, sorbitol, lactose, xylitol, xylose, glucose, maltose, mannitol, and sucrose
(c) Costin Stoica
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