| Arthrobacter pokkalii |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinomycetota, Class Actinomycetes, Order Micrococcales, Family Micrococcaceae, Genus Arthrobacter, Arthrobacter
pokkalii Krishnan et al. 2017.
Species description is based on a single isolate.
pokkalii Krishnan et al. 2017.
Species description is based on a single isolate.
Gram-positive cells showing a rod–coccus cycle. Non-motile. Non-spore-forming.
Colonies on LB agar after 3 days of incubation at 30 ºC are yellow pigmented with
circular, slightly convex and colony size reaches approximately 1.0 to 2.0 mm in
diameter. Grows on R2A, nutrient agar, TSA agar medium but not on MacConkey
agar. Growth occurs at 18-37 ºC (optimum at 28-30 ºC), pH 5.5-8 (optimum at pH 7),
and in the presence of 0-8% (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0.5-1%). No growth at 4 or 42 ºC.
Strictly aerobic.
circular, slightly convex and colony size reaches approximately 1.0 to 2.0 mm in
diameter. Grows on R2A, nutrient agar, TSA agar medium but not on MacConkey
agar. Growth occurs at 18-37 ºC (optimum at 28-30 ºC), pH 5.5-8 (optimum at pH 7),
and in the presence of 0-8% (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0.5-1%). No growth at 4 or 42 ºC.
Strictly aerobic.
Isolated from the rhizosphere of saline tolerant pokkali rice of Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
Susceptible to ampicillin (10 μg), carbenicillin (100 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), clindamycin (2 μg), doxycycline
hydrochloride (30 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), kanamycin (30 μg), linezolid (30 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg), ofloxacin
(5 μg),oxacillin (1 μg), penicillin G (10 units), rifampicin (5 μg), streptomycin (10 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), and vancomycin (30 μg).
Intermediate to methicillin (5 μg) and polymixin B (300 units).
Susceptible to ampicillin (10 μg), carbenicillin (100 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), clindamycin (2 μg), doxycycline
hydrochloride (30 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), kanamycin (30 μg), linezolid (30 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg), ofloxacin
(5 μg),oxacillin (1 μg), penicillin G (10 units), rifampicin (5 μg), streptomycin (10 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), and vancomycin (30 μg).
Intermediate to methicillin (5 μg) and polymixin B (300 units).
Undetermined.
- Krishnan R, Menon RR, Tanaka N, Busse HJ, Krishnamurthi S, Rameshkumar N. Arthrobacter pokkalii sp nov, a Novel Plant
Associated Actinobacterium with Plant Beneficial Properties, Isolated from Saline Tolerant Pokkali Rice, Kerala, India. PLoS One
2016; 11:e0150322.
Positive results for catalase, casein hydrolysis, DNase, esculin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, lipid hydrolysis, nitrate reduction,
pectin hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, acid production (HiCarbohydrate kit) from fructose and sucrose.
Can utilize as sole carbon source L-arabinose, D-cellobiose, citric acid, D-dextrose, D-fructose, D-galactose, humic acid, DL-malic
acid, maltose, D-mannitol, sucrose and xylose,
Can utilize as sole nitrogen source L-alanine, L-aspartate, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-cysteine, L-glutamine, L-glutamate,
L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, putrescine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan,
L-tyrosine and L-valine.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulose hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, indole production, lysine
decarboxylase, methyl red test, oxidase, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, xylan hydrolysis, acid production from adonitol, L- and
D-arabinose, arabitol, cellobiose, dextrose, dulcitol, erythritol, galactose, glycerol, inositol, inulin, lactose, maltose, mannitol,
mannose, melibiose, alpha-methyl D-glucoside, alpha-methyl D-mannoside, melezitose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin, sodium
gluconate, sorbitol, sorbose, trehalose, xylitol and xylose.
No utilization of citrate and D-sorbitol.
pectin hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, acid production (HiCarbohydrate kit) from fructose and sucrose.
Can utilize as sole carbon source L-arabinose, D-cellobiose, citric acid, D-dextrose, D-fructose, D-galactose, humic acid, DL-malic
acid, maltose, D-mannitol, sucrose and xylose,
Can utilize as sole nitrogen source L-alanine, L-aspartate, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-cysteine, L-glutamine, L-glutamate,
L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, putrescine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan,
L-tyrosine and L-valine.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulose hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, indole production, lysine
decarboxylase, methyl red test, oxidase, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, xylan hydrolysis, acid production from adonitol, L- and
D-arabinose, arabitol, cellobiose, dextrose, dulcitol, erythritol, galactose, glycerol, inositol, inulin, lactose, maltose, mannitol,
mannose, melibiose, alpha-methyl D-glucoside, alpha-methyl D-mannoside, melezitose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin, sodium
gluconate, sorbitol, sorbose, trehalose, xylitol and xylose.
No utilization of citrate and D-sorbitol.
(c) Costin Stoica
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