| Glutamicibacter mysorens / Glutamicibacter nicotianae |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinomycetota, Class Actinomycetes, Order Micrococcales, Family Micrococcaceae, Genus Glutamicibacter, Glutamicibacter
mysorens (Nand and Rao 1972) Busse 2016.
Synonyms: Arthrobacter mysorens Nand and Rao 1972, Arthrobacter nicotianae Giovannozzi-Sermanni 1959, Glutamicibacter
nicotianae (Giovannozzi-Sermanni 1959) Busse 2016, Brevibacterium liquefaciens Okabayashi and Masuo 1960, Corynebacterium
liquefaciens (Okabayashi and Masuo 1960).
mysorens (Nand and Rao 1972) Busse 2016.
Synonyms: Arthrobacter mysorens Nand and Rao 1972, Arthrobacter nicotianae Giovannozzi-Sermanni 1959, Glutamicibacter
nicotianae (Giovannozzi-Sermanni 1959) Busse 2016, Brevibacterium liquefaciens Okabayashi and Masuo 1960, Corynebacterium
liquefaciens (Okabayashi and Masuo 1960).
Gram-positive rods, becoming coccoid in old cultures. Motility is doubtful, flagella not
demonstrated.
demonstrated.
Colonies on Nutrient Agar are white and become yellow or lemon-yellow in 3-4 days.
Grows at 20-37 ºC, no growth at 10 ºC and tolerates up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. Aerobic.
Growth occurs in Koser’s citrate medium; ammonium salts but not nitrate are utilized
as sole nitrogen source when provided with glucose as carbon and energy source.
No growth on creatine, creatinine, and uric acid agar media; slight growth on nicotine
agar. Glutamic acid is produced in a mineral salts medium when provided with a
suitable carbohydrate and a pink water-soluble pigment is produced.
G. nicotianae strains: The type strain gives abundant growth on nicotine agar; the
medium becomes blue at first and deep wine-red later.
Grows at 20-37 ºC, no growth at 10 ºC and tolerates up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. Aerobic.
Growth occurs in Koser’s citrate medium; ammonium salts but not nitrate are utilized
as sole nitrogen source when provided with glucose as carbon and energy source.
No growth on creatine, creatinine, and uric acid agar media; slight growth on nicotine
agar. Glutamic acid is produced in a mineral salts medium when provided with a
suitable carbohydrate and a pink water-soluble pigment is produced.
G. nicotianae strains: The type strain gives abundant growth on nicotine agar; the
medium becomes blue at first and deep wine-red later.
Isolated from soil and sewage samples in Mysore, India.
Undetermined.
- Deb S, Das L, Das SK. Phylogenomic Analysis Reveals That Arthrobacter mysorens Nand and Rao 1972 (Approved Lists 1980)
and Glutamicibacter mysorens Busse 2016 are Later Heterotypic Synonyms of Arthrobacter nicotianae Giovannozzi-Sermanni
1959 (Approved Lists 1980) and Glutamicibacter nicotianae Busse 2016. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3793-3798. - Busse HJ. Review of the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter, emendation of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato, proposal to
reclassify selected species of the genus Arthrobacter in the novel genera Glutamicibacter gen. nov., Paeniglutamicibacter gen.
nov., Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov., Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov., and emended description of
Arthrobacter roseus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:9-37. - Hans-Jurgen Busse, 2012. Family I. Micrococcaceae Pribham 1929, 361 AL emend. Stackebrandt, Rainey and Ward-Rainey
1997, 479 in: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, Volume Five The Actinobacteria, Part A, Springer, 571-
666. - Laneelle MA, Asselineau J, Welby M, Norgard MV, Imaeda T, Pollice MC, Barksdale L. Biological and chemical bases for the
reclassification of Brevibacterium vitarumen (Bechdel et al.) Breed (Approved Lists, 1980) as Corynebacterium vitarumen
(Bechdel et al.) comb. nov. and Brevibacterium liquefaciens Okabayashi and Masuo (Approved Lists, 1980) as Corynebacterium
liquefaciens (Okabayashi and Masuo) comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1980; 30:539-546. - Goodfellow, M., T.M. Embley and B. Austin. 1985. Numerical taxonomy and emended description of Renibacterium salmoninarum.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 131: 2739-2752.
Positive results for catalase, casein hydrolysis (G. nicotianae), gelatin hydrolysis (G. nicotianae is variable), lecithinase, starch
hydrolysis, pyrazinamidase, alkaline phosphatase, pyrrolidonylarylamidase and tyrosine.
Weak acid production in glucose, xylose, galactose, glycerol, and cellobiose in 7 days of incubation.
Can utilize D(+)-glucose, D-xylose, D-ribose, L-arabinose, and glycerol. In addition G. nicotianae can assimilate amygdalin, arbutin,
cellobiose, D-arbitol, maltose, salicin, starch, and beta-gentiobiose.
Negative results for cellulose hydrolysis, esculin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, H2S production, indole production, lysine and
ornithine decarboxylase (Brevibacterium liquefaciens), oxidase, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, fermentation (Brevibacterium
liquefaciens) of glucose, maltose, mannose, salicin and starch.
No utilization of DL-glycerate, lactose, L-rhamnose, and D-xylitol.
No assimilation (G. nicotianae) of D-mannose, D-turanose, inositol, mannitol, melibiose, rhamnose, sucrose, trehalose, xylitol,
N-acetylglucosamine, 5-ketogluconate, and phenylacetate.
Contradictory or variable results for nitrate reduction, utilization of 5-aminovalerate, D-galactose, malonate, quinate, and L-histidine.
hydrolysis, pyrazinamidase, alkaline phosphatase, pyrrolidonylarylamidase and tyrosine.
Weak acid production in glucose, xylose, galactose, glycerol, and cellobiose in 7 days of incubation.
Can utilize D(+)-glucose, D-xylose, D-ribose, L-arabinose, and glycerol. In addition G. nicotianae can assimilate amygdalin, arbutin,
cellobiose, D-arbitol, maltose, salicin, starch, and beta-gentiobiose.
Negative results for cellulose hydrolysis, esculin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, H2S production, indole production, lysine and
ornithine decarboxylase (Brevibacterium liquefaciens), oxidase, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, fermentation (Brevibacterium
liquefaciens) of glucose, maltose, mannose, salicin and starch.
No utilization of DL-glycerate, lactose, L-rhamnose, and D-xylitol.
No assimilation (G. nicotianae) of D-mannose, D-turanose, inositol, mannitol, melibiose, rhamnose, sucrose, trehalose, xylitol,
N-acetylglucosamine, 5-ketogluconate, and phenylacetate.
Contradictory or variable results for nitrate reduction, utilization of 5-aminovalerate, D-galactose, malonate, quinate, and L-histidine.
(c) Costin Stoica
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