| Rothia (Kocuria) kristinae |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinomycetota, Class Actinomycetes, Order Micrococcales, Family Micrococcaceae, Genus Rothia, Rothia kristinae (Kloos et
al. 1974) Nouioui et al. 2018.
Old synonyms: Micrococcus kristinae Kloos et al. 1974, Kocuria kristinae (Kloos et al. 1974) Stackebrandt et al. 1995.
al. 1974) Nouioui et al. 2018.
Old synonyms: Micrococcus kristinae Kloos et al. 1974, Kocuria kristinae (Kloos et al. 1974) Stackebrandt et al. 1995.
Gram-positive cocci, 0.7-1.1 μm in diameter, occuring in tetrads which may form large
adherent clusters. Endospores are not formed. Nonmotile. Nonencapsulated.
adherent clusters. Endospores are not formed. Nonmotile. Nonencapsulated.
Colonies are circular, entire, or crenate, convex, smooth or rough, up to 2 mm in
diameter, and pale cream to pale orange; with time the color in the colony center
becomes more intense. Colony morphology and color become more distinct with
age. Does not produce a water-soluble exopigment. Grows at 37 ºC, but not at 5 ºC.
Nonhemolytic. Slightly facultatively anaerobic. Grows well on nutrient agar containing
up to 10% NaCl, but very weakly in the presence of 15% NaCl. No growth on
Simmons’ citrate agar. Growth is stimulated by leucine, lysine, valine, and tyrosine.
diameter, and pale cream to pale orange; with time the color in the colony center
becomes more intense. Colony morphology and color become more distinct with
age. Does not produce a water-soluble exopigment. Grows at 37 ºC, but not at 5 ºC.
Nonhemolytic. Slightly facultatively anaerobic. Grows well on nutrient agar containing
up to 10% NaCl, but very weakly in the presence of 15% NaCl. No growth on
Simmons’ citrate agar. Growth is stimulated by leucine, lysine, valine, and tyrosine.
Isolated from meat and mammalian skin, blood and environment.
Resistant to lysozyme. Susceptible to tetracycline, erythromycin, novobiocin, methicillin, penicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol,
neomycin, vancomycin, polymyxin B, and streptomycin.
An infection by Kocuria kristinae associated with acute cholecystitis was successfully treated with levofloxacin.
Resistant to lysozyme. Susceptible to tetracycline, erythromycin, novobiocin, methicillin, penicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol,
neomycin, vancomycin, polymyxin B, and streptomycin.
An infection by Kocuria kristinae associated with acute cholecystitis was successfully treated with levofloxacin.
Reported to cause catheter-related bacteremia in patients with severe underlying diseases.
- Hans-Jurgen Busse, 2012. Family I. Micrococcaceae Pribham 1929, 361 AL emend. Stackebrandt, Rainey and Ward-Rainey 1997,
479 in: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, Volume Five The Actinobacteria, Part A, Springer, 571-666. - Stackebrandt E., Koch C., Gvozdiak O. and Schumann P.: Taxonomic dissection of the genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov.,
Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov., and Micrococcus Cohn 1872 gen. emend. Int. J. Syst.
Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 682-692. - Kovacs G., Burghardt J., Pradella S., Schumann P., Stackebrandt E. and Marialigeti K.: Kocuria palustris sp. nov. and Kocuria
rhizophila sp. nov., isolated from rhizoplane of the narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 167-
173. - Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M. Genome-
Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2007.
Positive results for catalase, benzidine test, esculin hydrolysis, oxidase (contradictory results), Voges-Proskauer test, acid production
from fructose, glucose, glycerol, mannose, maltose (most strains), sucrose, trehalose and turanose.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, gelatin hydrolysis, lecithinase, nitrate reduction (most strains), phosphatase, starch
hydrolysis, Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease, acid production from L-arabinose, galactose, lactose, mannitol, xylose.
No utilization of rhamnose, xylose, ribose, arabinose, galactose (most strains), lactose (most strains), melibiose, mannitol, raffinose,
ribitol, and galactitol.
Variable results for beta-galactosidase and urease.
from fructose, glucose, glycerol, mannose, maltose (most strains), sucrose, trehalose and turanose.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, gelatin hydrolysis, lecithinase, nitrate reduction (most strains), phosphatase, starch
hydrolysis, Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease, acid production from L-arabinose, galactose, lactose, mannitol, xylose.
No utilization of rhamnose, xylose, ribose, arabinose, galactose (most strains), lactose (most strains), melibiose, mannitol, raffinose,
ribitol, and galactitol.
Variable results for beta-galactosidase and urease.
(c) Costin Stoica
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