| Paenarthrobacter ilicis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinomycetota, Class Actinomycetes, Order Micrococcales, Family Micrococcaceae, Genus Paenarthrobacter,
Paenarthrobacter ilicis (Collins et al. 1982) Busse 2016.
Basonym: Arthrobacter ilicis Collins et al. 1982.
Note: Arthrobacter ilicis Collins et al. 1982 is not a homotypic synonym of Corynebacterium ilicis Mandel et al. 1961!
Paenarthrobacter ilicis (Collins et al. 1982) Busse 2016.
Basonym: Arthrobacter ilicis Collins et al. 1982.
Note: Arthrobacter ilicis Collins et al. 1982 is not a homotypic synonym of Corynebacterium ilicis Mandel et al. 1961!
Gram-positive irregular rods, arranged at an angle (V-forms), presenting a rod–
coccus life cycle. In old cultures the rods become shorter and are eventually replaced
by the coccoid cells characteristic of stationary phase cultures. Motile. Non-acid-fast.
Non-spore-forming.
coccus life cycle. In old cultures the rods become shorter and are eventually replaced
by the coccoid cells characteristic of stationary phase cultures. Motile. Non-acid-fast.
Non-spore-forming.
Colonies on nutrient agar are 0.75–1 mm diameter after 1–2 days, becoming larger
(2–4 mm) on extended incubation; convex with entire margin, shiny; yellow pigment
produced. Does not required B-vitamins: growth occurs in a mineral salts medium
containing an ammonium salt and with glucose as carbon and energy source only
when Casamino acids are supplied. Grows at 4 but not at 37 ºC (optimally at 25-30
ºC). Grows in the presence of 5% NaCl, but not in 10% NaCl. Aerobic; no anaerobic
growth.
(2–4 mm) on extended incubation; convex with entire margin, shiny; yellow pigment
produced. Does not required B-vitamins: growth occurs in a mineral salts medium
containing an ammonium salt and with glucose as carbon and energy source only
when Casamino acids are supplied. Grows at 4 but not at 37 ºC (optimally at 25-30
ºC). Grows in the presence of 5% NaCl, but not in 10% NaCl. Aerobic; no anaerobic
growth.
Isolated from american holly (Ilex opaca). Susceptible to erythromycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin.
An acetylcholinesterase-producing strain of Arthrobacter ilicis was isolated with the marine sponge Spirastrella sp. from the intertidal
region of Havelock Island, Andaman Sea, India.
An acetylcholinesterase-producing strain of Arthrobacter ilicis was isolated with the marine sponge Spirastrella sp. from the intertidal
region of Havelock Island, Andaman Sea, India.
Not a plant pathogen. Strains now considered to represent the type strain of Arthrobacter ilicis, described as a pathogen of American
holly, are not identical. The designated type strain does not represent this pathogen. However, one of the other strains sourced to the
type strain of the pathogen does appear to be authentic, but is not a member of A. ilicis. A. ilicis is an unrelated species, not a
pathogen of American holly. The pathogen of American holly then becomes a novel pathovar, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. ilicis.
holly, are not identical. The designated type strain does not represent this pathogen. However, one of the other strains sourced to the
type strain of the pathogen does appear to be authentic, but is not a member of A. ilicis. A. ilicis is an unrelated species, not a
pathogen of American holly. The pathogen of American holly then becomes a novel pathovar, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. ilicis.
- Kotouckova L, Schumann P, Durnova E, Sproer C, Sedlacek I, Neca J, Zdrahal Z, Nemec M. Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus sp.
nov., a novel 4-nitroguaiacol-degrading actinobacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:773-777. - Arthrobacter ilicis Collins et al. 1982 is not a homotypic synonym of Corynebacterium ilicis Mandel et al. 1961 (IJSEM 58, pp 1976-
1978). Publication: Anonymous. Judicial Opinion No. 87. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:1976-1978. - Young JM, Watson DR, Dye DW. Reconsideration of Arthrobacter ilicis (Mandel et al. 1961) Collins et al. 1982 as a plant-
pathogenic species. Proposal to emend the authority and description of the species. Request for an opinion. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 2004; 54:303-305. - Busse HJ. Review of the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter, emendation of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato, proposal to
reclassify selected species of the genus Arthrobacter in the novel genera Glutamicibacter gen. nov., Paeniglutamicibacter gen.
nov., Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov., Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov., and emended description of
Arthrobacter roseus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:9-37. - Hans-Jurgen Busse, 2012. Family I. Micrococcaceae Pribham 1929, 361 AL emend. Stackebrandt, Rainey and Ward-Rainey
1997, 479 in: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, Volume Five The Actinobacteria, Part A, Springer, 571-
666.
Positive results for catalase, casein hydrolysis, chitin hydrolysis, DNase, gelatin hydrolysis, hippurate hydrolysis, pyrrolidonyl
arylamidase, tyrosine hydrolysis, Tween 20 hydrolysis, oxidase, phosphatase, urease, and xanthine hydrolysis.
Can utilize uridine, sucrose, D-melibiose (weak reaction), 3-methylglucose (weak reaction), D-raffinose (weak reaction), salicin (weak
reaction), L-argine, L-asparagine, L-histidine, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, D-xylose, histidinol,
inositol, 4-aminobutyrate, and hydroxybenzoate. Assimilate citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, and uric acid.
Negative results for cellulose hydrolysis, esculin hydrolysis, elastase, indole production, methyl red test, nicotine hydrolysis, nitrate
reduction, starch hydrolysis, sulfatase, Tween 60 and 80 hydrolysis.
No utilization of gluconate, arbutin alpha-cyclodextrin, L-leucine, butanediol, or malonate. No assimilation of adipic acid, benzoic acid,
glutaric acid, malonic acid, and pimelic acid.
arylamidase, tyrosine hydrolysis, Tween 20 hydrolysis, oxidase, phosphatase, urease, and xanthine hydrolysis.
Can utilize uridine, sucrose, D-melibiose (weak reaction), 3-methylglucose (weak reaction), D-raffinose (weak reaction), salicin (weak
reaction), L-argine, L-asparagine, L-histidine, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, D-xylose, histidinol,
inositol, 4-aminobutyrate, and hydroxybenzoate. Assimilate citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, and uric acid.
Negative results for cellulose hydrolysis, esculin hydrolysis, elastase, indole production, methyl red test, nicotine hydrolysis, nitrate
reduction, starch hydrolysis, sulfatase, Tween 60 and 80 hydrolysis.
No utilization of gluconate, arbutin alpha-cyclodextrin, L-leucine, butanediol, or malonate. No assimilation of adipic acid, benzoic acid,
glutaric acid, malonic acid, and pimelic acid.
(c) Costin Stoica
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