| Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinomycetota, Class Actinomycetes, Order Micrococcales, Family Micrococcaceae, Genus Paenarthrobacter,
Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans (Kodama et al. 1992) Busse 2016.
Basonym: Arthrobacter nicotinovorans Kodama et al. 1992.
Arthrobacter oxydans strain DSM 420 was reclassified as Arthrobacter nicotinovorans.
Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans (Kodama et al. 1992) Busse 2016.
Basonym: Arthrobacter nicotinovorans Kodama et al. 1992.
Arthrobacter oxydans strain DSM 420 was reclassified as Arthrobacter nicotinovorans.
Gram-positive, not acid fast. Cells exhibit a marked rod-coccus growth cycle in
complex media (most cells in 2-day-old cultures are coccoid, then became irregularly
rod-shaped after 6 hours arranged at angles to each other to give V-shaped forms.
Later, the rods become shorter and are eventually replaced by coccoid cells. In the
rod phase cells are motile by means of a few lateral flagella. Non-spore-forming.
complex media (most cells in 2-day-old cultures are coccoid, then became irregularly
rod-shaped after 6 hours arranged at angles to each other to give V-shaped forms.
Later, the rods become shorter and are eventually replaced by coccoid cells. In the
rod phase cells are motile by means of a few lateral flagella. Non-spore-forming.
Colonies are entire, glistening, circular, smooth, translucent, and low convex. With
age, colonies become bright yellow in color. Optimum growth temperature is 28-30
ºC. Grows on nutrient agar and nutrient broth. Weak growth on MacConkey agar.
Tolerates the presence of up to 10% NaCI. Aerobic. Nicotine blue is produced from
nicotine. Urea is formed from creatine and uric acid.
age, colonies become bright yellow in color. Optimum growth temperature is 28-30
ºC. Grows on nutrient agar and nutrient broth. Weak growth on MacConkey agar.
Tolerates the presence of up to 10% NaCI. Aerobic. Nicotine blue is produced from
nicotine. Urea is formed from creatine and uric acid.
Unknown. It is the former A. oxydans strain DSM 420.
Undetermined.
- Kodama Y, Yamamoto H, Amano N, Amachi T. Reclassification of two strains of Arthrobacter oxydans and proposal of
Arthrobacter nicotinovorans sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1992; 42:234-239. - Busse HJ. Review of the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter, emendation of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato, proposal to
reclassify selected species of the genus Arthrobacter in the novel genera Glutamicibacter gen. nov., Paeniglutamicibacter gen.
nov., Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov., Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov., and emended description of
Arthrobacter roseus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:9-37. - Hans-Jurgen Busse, 2012. Family I. Micrococcaceae Pribham 1929, 361 AL emend. Stackebrandt, Rainey and Ward-Rainey
1997, 479 in: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, Volume Five The Actinobacteria, Part A, Springer, 571-
666. - Park Y, Kook M, Ngo HT, Kim KY, Park SY, Mavlonov GT, Yi TH. Arthrobacter bambusae sp. nov., isolated from soil of a bamboo
grove. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3069-3074. - Wink, J.: Compendium of Actinobacteria. HZI-Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig. https://www.dsmz.
de/microorganisms/wink_pdf/DSM420.pdf - Arthrobacter nicotinovorans (ATCC® 49919™) product sheet, https://www.lgcstandards-atcc.org/products/all/49919.
aspx#documentation. - Reddy GS, Prakash JS, Matsumoto GI, Stackebrandt E, Shivaji S. Arthrobacter roseus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated
from an antarctic cyanobacterial mat sample. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:1017-1021.
Description is based mostly on API 50 CH, API 20NE and API ZYM (bioMerieux)results.
Positive results for acid and alkaline phosphatase, DNase, casein hydrolysis (weak reaction), esterase (C4), alpha- and
beta-glucosidase, beta- galactosidase, leucine arylamidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, pyrazinamidase, starch hydrolysis,
valine arylamidase, acid production from L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-mannitol, sucrose, raffinose, D-glucose, and esculin.
Can utilize L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, meso-inositol, D-ribose, D-xylose, 4-aminobutyrate, L-arginine, L-asparagine,
L-histidine, and p-hydroxybenzoate.
Assimilates L-arabinose, N-acetylglucosamine, phenylacetate, citric, formic, malonic, uric, and propionic acids
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, alpha-chymotrypsin, esculin hydrolysis, esterase lipase (C8), alpha-fucosidase,
alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, H2S production, indole production, lipase (C14), alpha-mannosidase, nitrate reduction
(contradictions), naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, protease, pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, trypsin, urease, acid production from
D-adonitol, amygdalin, arbutin, D-arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, D- and L-fucose, D-galactose, glycerol,
glycogen, gentibiose, gluconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, inositol, inulin, lactose, D-lyxose, methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, methyl
alpha-D-glucopyranoside, D-mannose, D-maltose, melezitose, melibiose, N-acetylglucosamine, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, salicin,
D-sorbitol, starch, L-sorbose, D-tagatose, trehalose, turanose, xylitol, D- and L-xylose.
No utilization of L-leucine. No assimilation of caprate, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, and benzoic acids.
Voges-Proskauer test is variable.
Positive results for acid and alkaline phosphatase, DNase, casein hydrolysis (weak reaction), esterase (C4), alpha- and
beta-glucosidase, beta- galactosidase, leucine arylamidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, pyrazinamidase, starch hydrolysis,
valine arylamidase, acid production from L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-mannitol, sucrose, raffinose, D-glucose, and esculin.
Can utilize L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, meso-inositol, D-ribose, D-xylose, 4-aminobutyrate, L-arginine, L-asparagine,
L-histidine, and p-hydroxybenzoate.
Assimilates L-arabinose, N-acetylglucosamine, phenylacetate, citric, formic, malonic, uric, and propionic acids
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, alpha-chymotrypsin, esculin hydrolysis, esterase lipase (C8), alpha-fucosidase,
alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, H2S production, indole production, lipase (C14), alpha-mannosidase, nitrate reduction
(contradictions), naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, protease, pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, trypsin, urease, acid production from
D-adonitol, amygdalin, arbutin, D-arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, D- and L-fucose, D-galactose, glycerol,
glycogen, gentibiose, gluconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, inositol, inulin, lactose, D-lyxose, methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, methyl
alpha-D-glucopyranoside, D-mannose, D-maltose, melezitose, melibiose, N-acetylglucosamine, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, salicin,
D-sorbitol, starch, L-sorbose, D-tagatose, trehalose, turanose, xylitol, D- and L-xylose.
No utilization of L-leucine. No assimilation of caprate, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, and benzoic acids.
Voges-Proskauer test is variable.
(c) Costin Stoica
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