| Pseudomonas fragi |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Pseudomonadales, Family Pseudomonadaceae,
Genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas fragi (Eichholz 1902) Gruber 1905.
Old synonyms: Bacterium fragi Eichholz 1902, Pseudomonas fragariae Gruber 1905.
Genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas fragi (Eichholz 1902) Gruber 1905.
Old synonyms: Bacterium fragi Eichholz 1902, Pseudomonas fragariae Gruber 1905.
Gram-negative rods, 0.5-1.0 x 0.75-4.0 µm, occurring singly, in pairs and in chains.
Motile by a polar flagellum.
Motile by a polar flagellum.
Colonies are convex, glistening, generally butyrous, occasionally viscid. Rough,
smooth and intermediate forms are recognized in the description quoted. The rough
forms are less proteolytic and less active in the hydrolysis of fats. On agar slant
growth is abundant, spreading, raised, white, shiny, generally butyrous. Sweet
ester-like odor resembling that of the flower of the May apple. In broth produce
turbidity and sediment with a thin pellicle. Aerobic. Growth temperature from -4 to 30
ºC. No growth at 37 ºC. Very sensitive to heat.
smooth and intermediate forms are recognized in the description quoted. The rough
forms are less proteolytic and less active in the hydrolysis of fats. On agar slant
growth is abundant, spreading, raised, white, shiny, generally butyrous. Sweet
ester-like odor resembling that of the flower of the May apple. In broth produce
turbidity and sediment with a thin pellicle. Aerobic. Growth temperature from -4 to 30
ºC. No growth at 37 ºC. Very sensitive to heat.
Isolated from milk and other dairy products, dairy utensils, water and soil. Widely distributed.
Unknown.
- Burkholder, Walter H. 1957. Genus I. Pseudomonas Migula, 1894 in: Robert S. Breed, E. G. D. Murray, Nathan R. Smith: Bergey’s
Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, seventh edition, 1957, The Williams & Wilkins Company, 89-151. - Sarah E. Burr, Stefanie Gobeli, Peter Kuhnert, Elinor Goldschmidt-Clermont, and Joachim Frey: Pseudomonas chlororaphis
subsp. piscium subsp. nov., isolated from freshwater fish. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol December 2010 60:2753-2757. - Carrion O, Minana-Galbis D, Montes MJ, Mercade E. Pseudomonas deceptionensis sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium from the
Antarctic. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:2401-2405. - von Neubeck M, Huptas C, Gluck C, Krewinkel M, Stoeckel M, Stressler T, Fischer L, Hinrichs J, Scherer S, Wenning M.
Pseudomonas helleri sp. nov. and Pseudomonas weihenstephanensis sp. nov., isolated from raw cow's milk. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 2016; 66:1163-1173.
Positive result for arginine dihydrolase, acid production from glucose and galactose.
Litmus milk: acid ring followed by acid coagulum at surface.
Can utilize: D-xylose, D-arabitol, acetate, glucose, gluconate, caprate, malate, citrate, DL-lactate, L-alanine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, L-proline,
arabinose, L-fucose, L-histidine, 4-hydroxybenzoate, itaconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, propionate, D-ribose, L-serine, sucrose and
valeric acid.
Negative results for H2S production, esculin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, indole production, nitrate reduction, urease,
Voges-Proskauer reaction, acid production from: glycerol, inulin, lactose, fructose, maltose, mannitol, raffinose, salicin and sucrose.
No utilization of: L-xylose, erythritol, glycerol, N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipate, salicin, glycogen, 3-hydroxybenzoate, inositol,
malonate, mannitol, mannose, melibiose, phenylacetate, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol and suberate.
Variable results for acid production from arabinose.
Litmus milk: acid ring followed by acid coagulum at surface.
Can utilize: D-xylose, D-arabitol, acetate, glucose, gluconate, caprate, malate, citrate, DL-lactate, L-alanine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, L-proline,
arabinose, L-fucose, L-histidine, 4-hydroxybenzoate, itaconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, propionate, D-ribose, L-serine, sucrose and
valeric acid.
Negative results for H2S production, esculin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, indole production, nitrate reduction, urease,
Voges-Proskauer reaction, acid production from: glycerol, inulin, lactose, fructose, maltose, mannitol, raffinose, salicin and sucrose.
No utilization of: L-xylose, erythritol, glycerol, N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipate, salicin, glycogen, 3-hydroxybenzoate, inositol,
malonate, mannitol, mannose, melibiose, phenylacetate, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol and suberate.
Variable results for acid production from arabinose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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