| Pseudomonas paralactis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Pseudomonadales, Family Pseudomonadaceae,
Genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas paralactis von Neubeck et al. 2017.
Genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas paralactis von Neubeck et al. 2017.
Gram-negative rods, 0.75 x 1.5-5.5 µm. Motile. Non-spore-forming.
Colonies are beige, smooth, round, about 0.5–1.0 mm in diameter after incubation at
25 ºC for 24 h on TSG. Fluorescent pigment is produced on King B agar. No
pyocyanin is formed on King A agar. Haemolysis can be detected. Grows at 4-35 ºC
(optimum growth temperature is 27-31 ºC), at pH 5-8 (optimum pH 6.0-7.5) and in 0-
6% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-1% NaCl). Growth can be detected on R2A agar and
cetrimide agar. Proteolytic activity on skimmed milk agar at both 25 and 4 ºC. Aerobic,
no anaerobic growth. Grows on MacConkey agar.
25 ºC for 24 h on TSG. Fluorescent pigment is produced on King B agar. No
pyocyanin is formed on King A agar. Haemolysis can be detected. Grows at 4-35 ºC
(optimum growth temperature is 27-31 ºC), at pH 5-8 (optimum pH 6.0-7.5) and in 0-
6% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-1% NaCl). Growth can be detected on R2A agar and
cetrimide agar. Proteolytic activity on skimmed milk agar at both 25 and 4 ºC. Aerobic,
no anaerobic growth. Grows on MacConkey agar.
Isolated from raw bovine milk and poultry feces.
Undetermined.
- von Neubeck M, Huptas C, Gluck C, Krewinkel M, Stoeckel M, Stressler T, Fischer L, Hinrichs J, Scherer S, Wenning M.
Pseudomonas lactis sp. nov. and Pseudomonas paralactis sp. nov., isolated from bovine raw milk. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:
1656-1664. - Olofinsae SA, Adeleke OE, Ibeh BO. Occurrence of Pseudomonas lactis and Pseudomonas paralactis Amongst Non-Lactose-
Fermenting Bacterial Isolates in Chickens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. Microbiology Insights. 2022;15. doi:10.1177
/11786361221130313 - Ramirez-Bahena MH, Salazar S, Santin PJ, Sanchez-Rodriguez JA, Fernandez-Pascual M, Igual JM, Santa-Regina I, Peix A.
Pseudomonas edaphica sp. nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of Cistus ladanifer L. in Spain. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:
3141-3147. - Lick S, Krockel L, Wibberg D, Winkler A, Blom J, Bantleon A, Goesmann A, Kalinowski J. Pseudomonas carnis sp. nov., isolated
from meat. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1528-1540. - Saticioglu, I. B., Mulet, M., Duman, M., Altun, S., Gomila, M., Lalucat, J., & Garcia-Valdes, E. (2022). First occurrence and whole-
genome comparison of Pseudomonas haemolytica isolated in farmed rainbow trout. Aquaculture Research, 53, 4472–4486. https:
//doi.org/10.1111/are.15944.
Positive results for acid phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, catalase, gelatin hydrolysis, oxidase, acid production from: D-adonitol, D-
and L-arabitol, L-arabinose, cellobiose, erythritol, D-fructose, D-fucose, D-galactose, gentiobiose, D-glucose, glycerol, inositol,
D-mannose, D-mannitol, melibiose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, trehalose, xylitol and D-xylose.
Can utilize as sole carbon source: caprate, citrate, malate, propionate, itaconate, D-adonitol, D- and L-arabitol, D-fructose, D-glucose,
D-galactose, D-lyxose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-ribose, trehalose, D-xylose, erythritol, glycerol, inositol, L-arabinose,
N-acetylglucosamine, potassium gluconate and xylitol.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, esculin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, H2S production, indole production, nitrate
reduction, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, starch hydrolysis, tryptophan deaminase, urease and Voges-Proskauer
test.
No utilization of: adipate, amygdalin, arbutin, D-arabinose, cellobiose, D-fucose, lactose, L-histidine, phenylacetate, maltose,
melezitose, D-melibiose, raffinose, D-sorbitol, sucrose, D-tagatose, turanose, dulcitol, gentiobiose, glycogen, L-fucose, L-rhamnose,
L-sorbose, L-xylose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, methyl alpha-D-mannoside, methyl beta-D-xylopyranose and salicin.
and L-arabitol, L-arabinose, cellobiose, erythritol, D-fructose, D-fucose, D-galactose, gentiobiose, D-glucose, glycerol, inositol,
D-mannose, D-mannitol, melibiose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, trehalose, xylitol and D-xylose.
Can utilize as sole carbon source: caprate, citrate, malate, propionate, itaconate, D-adonitol, D- and L-arabitol, D-fructose, D-glucose,
D-galactose, D-lyxose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-ribose, trehalose, D-xylose, erythritol, glycerol, inositol, L-arabinose,
N-acetylglucosamine, potassium gluconate and xylitol.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, esculin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, H2S production, indole production, nitrate
reduction, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, starch hydrolysis, tryptophan deaminase, urease and Voges-Proskauer
test.
No utilization of: adipate, amygdalin, arbutin, D-arabinose, cellobiose, D-fucose, lactose, L-histidine, phenylacetate, maltose,
melezitose, D-melibiose, raffinose, D-sorbitol, sucrose, D-tagatose, turanose, dulcitol, gentiobiose, glycogen, L-fucose, L-rhamnose,
L-sorbose, L-xylose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, methyl alpha-D-mannoside, methyl beta-D-xylopyranose and salicin.
(c) Costin Stoica
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